Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China.
Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2020 Aug;149:106838. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106838. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
To investigate the diploid-polyploid relationships and the role of maternal progenitors in establishment of polyploid richness in Triticeae, 35 polyploids representing almost all genomic constitutions together with 48 diploid taxa representing 20 basic genomes in the tribe were analyzed. Phylogenomic reconstruction, genetic distance matrix, and nucleotide diversity patterns of plastome sequences indicated that (1) The maternal donor of the annual polyploid species with the U- and D-genome are related to extant Ae. umbellulata and Ae. tauschii, respectively. The maternal donor to the annual polyploid species with the S-, G-, and B-genome originated from the species of Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops. The annual species with the Xe-containing polyploids were donated by Eremopyrum as the female parent; (2) Pseudoroegneria and Psathyrostachys were the maternal donor of perennial species with the St- and Ns-containing polyploids, respectively; (3) The Lophopyrum, Thinopyrum and Dasypyrum genomes contributed cytoplasm genome to Pseudoroegneria species as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and/or chloroplast captures, and these lineages were genetically transmitted to the St-containing polyploid species via polyploidization; (4) There is a reticulate relationship among the St-containing polyploid species. It can be suggested that genetic heterogeneity might associate with the richness of the polyploids in Triticeae.
为了研究二倍体-多倍体关系以及母体祖先在小麦族多倍体丰富度建立中的作用，本研究分析了 35 种代表几乎所有基因组组成的多倍体，以及 20 个基本基因组代表的 48 种二倍体种。系统基因组重建、质体基因组序列遗传距离矩阵和核苷酸多样性模式表明：（1）U 基因组和 D 基因组一年生多倍体物种的母体供体分别与现生的 Ae.umbellulata 和 Ae.tauschii 有关。S 基因组、G 基因组和 B 基因组一年生多倍体物种的母体供体起源于 Aegilops 属的 Sitopsis 组的物种。含有 Xe 的多倍体的一年生物种是由 Eremopyrum 作为母本贡献的；（2）Pseudoroegneria 和 Psathyrostachys 分别是多年生物种中含有 St-和 Ns-多倍体的母体供体；（3）Lophopyrum、Thinopyrum 和 Dasypyrum 基因组由于不完全谱系分选和/或质体捕获，向 Pseudoroegneria 物种贡献了质体基因组，这些谱系通过多倍化遗传给含有 St 的多倍体物种；（4）含有 St 的多倍体物种之间存在网状关系。可以推测，遗传异质性可能与小麦族多倍体的丰富度有关。
