Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Vaccine. 2020 May 13;38(23):3980-3986. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.061. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
Diversity in group A rotavirus (RVA) strains after introduction of RV-vaccines remains an emerging concern worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) from 2015 to 2018. In addition, a comparison of the genotypes in pre-vaccination (2006-2012) and post-vaccination (2012-2018) periods was conducted to understand the impact of these vaccines on genotype distribution.
Fecal samples were collected regularly from outpatient clinics in six localities: Hokkaido, Tokyo, Shizuoka, Osaka, Kyoto, and Saga. RVA were screened and genotyped by RT-PCR and sequence-based genotyping.
During the period 2015-2018, RVA was detected in 307 (19.7%) samples out of 1557 specimens: 29.9% (95% CI: 25.8% to 34.3%), 17.9% (95% CI: 14.7% to 21.5%), and 13% (95% CI: 10.3% to 16.0%) were detected RVA-positive in 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, respectively. The average detection of RVA in pre-vaccination (2006-2012) and post-vaccination (2012-2018) era remained almost similar (18%-20%). The G2P[4]I2 (52.1%, 95% CI: 43.5%-60.6%) remained the most common genotype in 2015-2016, whereas G8P[8]I2 (55.9%, 95% CI: 45.2%-66.2%) dominated in 2016-2017. In 2017-2018, G9P[8]I2 (42.0%, 95% CI: 30.5%-53.9%) prevailed, followed by G9P[8]I1 (23.0%, 95% CI: 14.0%-34.2%). The detection rate of some common genotypes of pre-vaccination era like G1P[8] and G3P[8] has been reduced after introduction of RV-vaccine, whereas genotypes that were sporadic before the introduction of vaccines like G2P[4], G2P[8], G9P[8] and G8P[8] were emerged/reemerged in post-vaccination period.
Our study presented the diversity in circulating RVA genotypes in Japan before and after introduction of RV-vaccines. Sudden emergence of DS-1-like (I2) unusual strains in post-vaccination era remains alarming. Continuous monitoring of RVA genotypes is therefore indispensable to refine future vaccine strategy.
疫苗引入后，A 组轮状病毒（RVA）株的多样性仍然是全球关注的新兴问题。本研究旨在调查日本儿童急性肠胃炎（AGE）中 RVA 基因型的流行和分布。此外，比较了疫苗接种前（2006-2012 年）和疫苗接种后（2012-2018 年）的基因型，以了解这些疫苗对基因型分布的影响。
定期从北海道、东京、静冈、大阪、京都和佐贺的六个地方的门诊收集粪便样本。通过 RT-PCR 和基于序列的基因分型检测 RVA。
2015-2018 年期间，在 1557 个样本中检测到 307 个（19.7%）RVA 阳性样本：2015-2016 年、2016-2017 年和 2017-2018 年分别为 29.9%（95%CI：25.8%至 34.3%）、17.9%（95%CI：14.7%至 21.5%）和 13%（95%CI：10.3%至 16.0%）。疫苗接种前（2006-2012 年）和疫苗接种后（2012-2018 年）的 RVA 平均检出率几乎相似（18%-20%）。G2P[4]I2（52.1%，95%CI：43.5%-60.6%）在 2015-2016 年仍是最常见的基因型，而 G8P[8]I2（55.9%，95%CI：45.2%-66.2%）在 2016-2017 年占主导地位。在 2017-2018 年，G9P[8]I2（42.0%，95%CI：30.5%-53.9%）占主导地位，其次是 G9P[8]I1（23.0%，95%CI：14.0%-34.2%）。疫苗接种后，一些常见基因型如 G1P[8]和 G3P[8]的检出率有所下降，而疫苗接种前偶发的基因型如 G2P[4]、G2P[8]、G9P[8]和 G8P[8]在接种后再次出现/重新出现。
本研究介绍了日本在引入 RV 疫苗前后循环 RVA 基因型的多样性。疫苗接种后，类似 DS-1 样（I2）的不常见菌株的突然出现仍然令人警惕。因此，对 RVA 基因型进行持续监测对于完善未来的疫苗策略是必不可少的。
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