Sirgiovanni Elisabetta, Aruta Alessandro
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Hist Psychiatry. 2020 Sep;31(3):311-324. doi: 10.1177/0957154X20916147. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
In the early 1960s, a climate of public condemnation of electroconvulsive therapy was emerging in the USA and Europe. In spite of this, the electroshock apparatus prototype, introduced in Rome in 1938, was becoming hotly contended. This article explores the disputes around the display of the electroshock apparatus prototype in the summer of 1964 and sheds new light on the triangle of personalities that shaped its future: Karl and William Menninger, two key figures of American psychiatry in Topeka; their competitor, Adalberto Pazzini, the founder of the Sapienza Museum of the History of Medicine in Rome; and, between them, Lucio Bini, one of the original inventors of ECT, who died unexpectedly that summer.
20世纪60年代初，美国和欧洲出现了一种公众谴责电休克疗法的氛围。尽管如此，1938年在罗马推出的电休克装置原型仍备受争议。本文探讨了1964年夏天围绕电休克装置原型展示的争议，并为塑造其未来的三角人物关系带来了新的解读：卡尔和威廉·门宁格，堪萨斯州托皮卡市美国精神病学的两位关键人物；他们的竞争对手，罗马萨皮恩扎医学史博物馆的创始人阿达尔贝托·帕齐尼；以及介于他们之间的卢西奥·比尼，电休克疗法的最初发明者之一，他在那个夏天意外去世。
