Abulmeaty Mahmoud M A, Aljuraiban Ghadeer S, Alaidarous Thuraya A, Alkahtani Noura M
Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020 Apr 5;13:1051-1059. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S248842. eCollection 2020.
Data about body compositional changes throughout the course of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and inconsistent. We investigated the roles of the disease duration and glycemic control in T2D-associated changes of body composition and the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
A total of 25 non-diabetic controls and 92 individuals aged 20-60 years with T2D were included in a case-control study conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Based on disease duration (newly diagnosed: within the first year and long duration: ≥5 years) and glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1C] level ≤7%), the patients were divided into the following groups: newly diagnosed and controlled (N&C, n=25), newly diagnosed and uncontrolled (N&U, n=17), old and controlled (O&C, n=25), and old and uncontrolled (O&U, n=25). Blood samples were collected to assess fasting blood glucose level, HbA1C level, and lipid profile. Anthropometric data were evaluated, and body composition was assessed using a bio-impedancemetry analyzer. Nonparametric tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.
Compared to the control group, the fat mass (FM) was significantly higher in all groups; furthermore, the fat mass/fat-free mass (FM/FFM) ratio was significantly higher in the N&C. The N&U and O&U groups showed significantly higher percentages of all components of MetS. Among all selected independent factors, only age increased the likelihood of MetS diagnosis by 7% (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.004-1.149; <0.05). Besides, age, gender, adherence to diet regimen, and T2D duration showed lower odds of increased FM/FFM ratio.
This study provided evidence about the impact of T2D on body composition and the other components of MetS. Thus, further characterization of T2D contributes to defining the etiology of the disease to detect and treat poor cardiometabolic health.
关于2型糖尿病（T2D）病程中身体成分变化的数据有限且不一致。我们研究了疾病持续时间和血糖控制在T2D相关身体成分变化及代谢综合征（MetS）各组分中的作用。
在沙特阿拉伯费萨尔国王专科医院进行的一项病例对照研究中，共纳入了25名非糖尿病对照者和92名年龄在20至60岁之间的T2D患者。根据疾病持续时间（新诊断：发病第一年以内；病程长：≥5年）和血糖控制情况（糖化血红蛋白[HbA1C]水平≤7%），将患者分为以下几组：新诊断且血糖控制良好（N&C，n = 25）、新诊断且血糖控制不佳（N&U，n = 17）、病程长且血糖控制良好（O&C，n = 25）、病程长且血糖控制不佳（O&U，n = 25）。采集血样以评估空腹血糖水平、HbA1C水平和血脂谱。评估人体测量数据，并使用生物电阻抗分析仪评估身体成分。进行了非参数检验和多变量逻辑回归分析。
与对照组相比，所有组的脂肪量（FM）均显著更高；此外，N&C组的脂肪量/去脂体重（FM/FFM）比值显著更高。N&U组和O&U组的MetS所有组分的百分比均显著更高。在所有选定的独立因素中，只有年龄使MetS诊断的可能性增加了7%（比值比：1.07；95%置信区间：1.004 - 1.149；P<0.05）。此外，年龄、性别、饮食方案依从性和T2D病程显示FM/FFM比值增加的几率较低。
本研究提供了关于T2D对身体成分和MetS其他组分影响的证据。因此，对T2D的进一步特征化有助于明确疾病病因，以检测和治疗不良的心脏代谢健康状况。
