Phytochemical Composition and Anti-Efflux Pump Activity of Hydroalcoholic, Aqueous, and Hexane Extracts of in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Strains of Serotype Enteritidis.

BACKGROUND

The AcrB efflux pump in Salmonella species plays a significant role in the development of antibiotic resistance in ciprofloxacin-resistant . This study aimed to investigate the anti-efflux pump activity of extracts among strains.

METHODS

The hydroalcoholic, aqueous, and hexanolic extracts of were prepared and phytochemical composition of extract was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. After antibiogram, the AcrB efflux pump was detected in ciprofloxacin intermediate and resistant strains using cartwheel and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Finally, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of extracts against strains were evaluated. After treatment of strains with sub-MIC concentrations of extracts, the expression level of AcrB efflux pump gene was evaluated using Real-Time PCR.

RESULTS

Phytochemical analysis of extracts using GC/MS method showed that hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (30.7%), and cyclopropane,1-(1-hydroxy-1-heptyl)-2-methylene-3-pentyl (17.8%) were the most dominant volatile components volatile compounds in the extract. The results of antibiogram, cartwheel and PCR methods showed that among 20 strains of that were resistant and intermediate to ciprofloxacin, 16 strains had AcrB efflux pumps. Finally, Real-Time PCR results showed a significant down-regulation of gene in strains.

CONCLUSION

A. had anti-efflux activity and this plant can potentially be used as a natural efflux inhibitor for strains.