Martinez Eduardo, Sanchez Lilia, Vazquez Neftali, Marks Rebecca, Cedillo Raechel, Respondek Christa, Holguin Martin, Persans Michael W, Keniry Megan
Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
Discoveries (Craiova). 2016 Dec 31;4(4):e69. doi: 10.15190/d.2016.16.
A decade ago, only six manuscripts would be found on a PubMed search for "CRISPR," compared to 2,011 manuscripts in 2016. The purpose of this review is to discuss this emergent technology that has revolutionized molecular biological research in just a few years. Endogenous CRISPR mechanisms are harbored by bacteria and archaea as an adaptive defense system that targets foreign DNA from viruses and plasmids. CRISPR has been adapted as a genome editing tool in a plethora of organisms ranging from yeast to humans. This tool has been employed to create loss of function mutations, gain of function mutations, and tagged alleles in a wide range of settings. CRISPR is now extensively employed for genetic screens. CRISPR has also been adapted to study transcriptional regulation. This versatile and relatively facile technique has, and will be, tremendously impactful in research areas such as biomedical sciences, agriculture, and the basic sciences.
十年前，在PubMed上搜索“CRISPR”只能找到六篇相关论文，而2016年有2011篇。本综述的目的是讨论这项在短短几年内就彻底改变了分子生物学研究的新兴技术。细菌和古生菌拥有内源性CRISPR机制，作为一种针对病毒和质粒中外源DNA的适应性防御系统。CRISPR已被改造为一种基因组编辑工具，可用于从酵母到人类等众多生物体。该工具已被用于在各种情况下产生功能丧失突变、功能获得突变和标记等位基因。CRISPR现在被广泛用于基因筛选。CRISPR也已被改造用于研究转录调控。这项通用且相对简便的技术已经并将在生物医学科学、农业和基础科学等研究领域产生巨大影响。
