Zhvania Mzia G, Pochkidze Nino
Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokhashvili Avenue, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, I. Beriitashvili Center of Experimental BioMedicine, 14, Gotua Street, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia.
Discoveries (Craiova). 2017 Jul 28;5(3):e77. doi: 10.15190/d.2017.7.
Neuronal porosomes are 15 nm cup-shaped lipoprotein secretory machines composed of nearly 30 proteins present at the presynaptic membrane, that have been investigated using multiple imaging modalities, such as electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and solution X-ray. Synaptic vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of the porosome cup facing the cytosol, by establishing a fusion pore for neurotransmitter release. Studies on the morphology, dynamics, isolation, composition, and reconstitution of the neuronal porosome complex provide a molecular understanding of its structure and function. In the past twenty years, a large body of evidence has accumulated on the involvement of the neuronal porosome proteins in neurotransmission and various neurological disorders. In light of these findings, this review briefly summarizes our current understanding of the neuronal porosome complex, the secretory nanomachine at the nerve terminal.
神经元孔体是由近30种存在于突触前膜的蛋白质组成的15纳米杯状脂蛋白分泌机器，已使用多种成像方式进行研究，如电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和溶液X射线。突触小泡通过建立用于神经递质释放的融合孔，在面向细胞质的孔体杯底部短暂停靠并融合。对神经元孔体复合物的形态、动力学、分离、组成和重组的研究为其结构和功能提供了分子层面的理解。在过去二十年中，大量证据积累表明神经元孔体蛋白参与神经传递和各种神经系统疾病。鉴于这些发现，本综述简要总结了我们目前对神经元孔体复合物（神经末梢的分泌纳米机器）的理解。
