Département de Psychologie, DysCo Lab, Université Paris 8.
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda.
Psychol Trauma. 2020 Oct;12(7):774-784. doi: 10.1037/tra0000583. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
We tested the psychological correlates of the Gacaca tribunals, a massive program of transitional justice put in place by the Rwandan government following the 1994 genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi.
The sample consisted of 679 Rwandese participants, among which 373 (55%) were survivors of the genocide. We contrasted three groups of participants: (1) those who had never attended the Gacaca ( = 229), the control group, (2) those who had attended without testifying ( = 275), the attendance group, and (3) those who had attended and testified ( = 120), the testimony group. In the analyses, we controlled for the level of genocide-related negative consequences that participants reported.
The attendance group presented lower levels of PTSD and depression symptoms than both the control and testimony groups. Both attendance and testimony groups had more positive opinions of the Gacaca and higher openness to reconciliation than the control group.
contrary to what has been reported in two previous studies, participation in the Gacaca was not, in our data, negatively related to mental health or to social cohesion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
我们检验了加卡卡法庭的心理相关性，这是卢旺达政府在 1994 年针对图西族的种族灭绝事件后实施的一项大规模过渡司法计划。
样本由 679 名卢旺达参与者组成，其中 373 名（55%）是种族灭绝的幸存者。我们对比了三组参与者：（1）从未参加过加卡卡的人（=229 人），作为对照组；（2）参加过但未作证的人（=275 人），作为出席组；（3）参加过并作证的人（=120 人），作为作证组。在分析中，我们控制了参与者报告的与种族灭绝相关的负面后果的程度。
出席组的 PTSD 和抑郁症状水平低于对照组和作证组。出席组和作证组对加卡卡的评价比对照组更积极，对和解的态度也更开放。
与之前的两项研究报告相反，在我们的数据中，参加加卡卡法庭与心理健康或社会凝聚力没有负面关系。
