Division of Palliative Medicine and Geriatrics, Designated Institution Official of Graduate Medical Education, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, 56-45 Main Street, Flushing, NY 11355, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Hospice and Palliative Medicine Fellowship, Division of Palliative Medicine and Geriatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, 56-45 Main Street, Flushing, NY 11355, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/bpalathra.
Med Clin North Am. 2020 May;104(3):455-470. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2019.12.004. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
Respiratory symptoms are common in patients living with serious illness, both in cancer and nonmalignant conditions. Common symptoms include dyspnea (breathlessness), cough, malignant pleural effusions, airway secretions, and hemoptysis. Basic management of respiratory symptoms is within the scope of primary palliative care. There are pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to treating respiratory symptoms. This article provides clinicians with treatment approaches to these burdensome symptoms.
呼吸症状在患有严重疾病的患者中很常见，无论是癌症还是非恶性疾病。常见症状包括呼吸困难（呼吸急促）、咳嗽、恶性胸腔积液、气道分泌物和咯血。呼吸症状的基本管理属于初级姑息治疗的范畴。有药物和非药物方法可用于治疗呼吸症状。本文为临床医生提供了这些棘手症状的治疗方法。
