Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK.
Department of Information Technology, Techno India College of Technology, West Bengal 700156, India.
Biosensors (Basel). 2020 Apr 16;10(4):40. doi: 10.3390/bios10040040.
Skin conductivity (i.e., sweat) forms the basis of many physiology-based emotion and stress detection systems. However, such systems typically do not detect the biomarkers present in sweat, and thus do not take advantage of the biological information in the sweat. Likewise, such systems do not detect the volatile organic components (VOC's) created under stressful conditions. This work presents a review into the current status of human emotional stress biomarkers and proposes the major potential biomarkers for future wearable sensors in affective systems. Emotional stress has been classified as a major contributor in several social problems, related to crime, health, the economy, and indeed quality of life. While blood cortisol tests, electroencephalography and physiological parameter methods are the gold standards for measuring stress; however, they are typically invasive or inconvenient and not suitable for wearable real-time stress monitoring. Alternatively, cortisol in biofluids and VOCs emitted from the skin appear to be practical and useful markers for sensors to detect emotional stress events. This work has identified antistress hormones and cortisol metabolites as the primary stress biomarkers that can be used in future sensors for wearable affective systems.
皮肤电导率（即汗水）是许多基于生理学的情绪和压力检测系统的基础。然而，此类系统通常无法检测汗水中存在的生物标志物，因此无法利用汗水的生物学信息。同样，此类系统也无法检测在压力条件下产生的挥发性有机成分 (VOC)。本工作对人类情绪应激生物标志物的现状进行了综述，并为情感系统中未来的可穿戴传感器提出了主要的潜在生物标志物。情绪压力已被归类为与犯罪、健康、经济以及生活质量相关的几个社会问题的主要促成因素。虽然血液皮质醇测试、脑电图和生理参数方法是测量压力的金标准；但是，它们通常具有侵入性或不方便，不适合用于可穿戴的实时压力监测。相反，生物液中的皮质醇和皮肤散发的 VOC 似乎是传感器检测情绪应激事件的实用且有用的标志物。这项工作已经确定了应激激素和皮质醇代谢物作为主要的应激生物标志物，可用于未来的可穿戴情感系统传感器中。
