RD3 Department-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 17;12(4):1123. doi: 10.3390/nu12041123.
Cocoa bean shells (CBS) are one of the main by-products from the transformation of cocoa beans, representing 10%‒17% of the total cocoa bean weight. Hence, their disposal could lead to environmental and economic issues. As CBS could be a source of nutrients and interesting compounds, such as fiber (around 50% /), cocoa volatile compounds, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and a large spectrum of polyphenols, CBS may be a valuable ingredient/additive for innovative and functional foods. In fact, the valorization of food by-products within the frame of a circular economy is becoming crucial due to economic and environmental reasons. The aim of this review is to look over the chemical and nutritional composition of CBS and to revise the several uses that have been proposed in order to valorize this by-product for food, livestock feed, or industrial usages, but also for different medical applications. A special focus will be directed to studies that have reported the biofunctional potential of CBS for human health, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, or neuroprotective activities, benefits for the cardiovascular system, or an anti-inflammatory capacity.
可可豆壳（CBS）是可可豆转化过程中的主要副产物之一，占可可豆总重量的 10%至 17%。因此，它们的处理可能会导致环境和经济问题。由于 CBS 可能是营养物质和有趣化合物的来源，如纤维（约 50%/）、可可挥发性化合物、蛋白质、矿物质、维生素和大量的多酚，CBS 可能是创新和功能性食品的有价值的成分/添加剂。事实上，由于经济和环境原因，在循环经济框架内对食品副产物进行增值利用变得至关重要。本综述的目的是研究 CBS 的化学和营养成分，并回顾已经提出的几种用途，以便为食品、牲畜饲料或工业用途，以及不同的医疗应用增值这种副产品。特别关注的是那些报道 CBS 对人类健康具有生物功能潜力的研究，如抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌、抗糖尿病或神经保护活性、对心血管系统的益处或抗炎能力。
