Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Apr 17;20(8):2283. doi: 10.3390/s20082283.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are often deployed in hostile environments, where an adversary can physically capture some of the sensor nodes. The adversary collects all the nodes' important credentials and subsequently replicate the nodes, which may expose the network to a number of other security attacks, and eventually compromise the entire network. This harmful attack where a single or more nodes illegitimately claims an identity as replicas is known as the node replication attack. The problem of node replication attack can be further aggravated due to the mobile nature in WSN. In this paper, we propose an extended version of multi-level replica detection technique built on Danger Theory (DT), which utilizes a hybrid approach (centralized and distributed) to shield the mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) from clone attacks. The danger theory concept depends on a multi-level of detections; first stage (highlights the danger zone (DZ) by checking the abnormal behavior of mobile nodes), second stage (battery check and random number) and third stage (inform about replica to other networks). The DT method performance is highlighted through security parameters such as false negative, energy, detection time, communication overhead and delay in detection. The proposed approach also demonstrates that the hybrid DT method is capable and successful in detecting and mitigating any malicious activities initiated by the replica. Nowadays, crimes are vastly increasing and it is crucial to modify the systems accordingly. Indeed, it is understood that the communication needs to be secured by keen observation at each level of detection. The simulation results show that the proposed approach overcomes the weaknesses of the previous and existing centralized and distributed approaches and enhances the performance of MWSN in terms of communication and memory overhead.
无线传感器网络 (WSN) 通常部署在敌对环境中，在这些环境中，对手可以物理捕获一些传感器节点。对手收集所有节点的重要凭据，随后复制节点，这可能会使网络面临许多其他安全攻击，并最终破坏整个网络。这种单个或多个节点非法声称自己是副本的有害攻击称为节点复制攻击。由于 WSN 的移动性，节点复制攻击问题可能会进一步加剧。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于危险理论 (DT) 的多级副本检测技术的扩展版本，该技术利用混合方法（集中式和分布式）来保护移动无线传感器网络 (MWSN) 免受克隆攻击。危险理论概念取决于多级检测；第一级（通过检查移动节点的异常行为来突出危险区域 (DZ)），第二级（电池检查和随机数）和第三级（向其他网络报告副本）。DT 方法的性能通过安全参数（如误报、能量、检测时间、通信开销和检测延迟）来突出显示。所提出的方法还表明，混合 DT 方法能够成功检测和缓解由副本发起的任何恶意活动。如今，犯罪活动大大增加，因此必须相应地修改系统。事实上，人们明白需要通过在每个检测级别进行敏锐观察来确保通信安全。仿真结果表明，所提出的方法克服了先前和现有集中式和分布式方法的弱点，并提高了 MWSN 在通信和内存开销方面的性能。
