Münzbergová Zuzana, Kosová Veronika, Schnáblová Renáta, Rokaya Maan, Synková Helena, Haisel Daniel, Wilhelmová Nada, Dostálek Tomáš
Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Apr 7;11:400. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00400. eCollection 2020.
Knowledge of the relationship between environmental conditions and species traits is an important prerequisite for understanding determinants of community composition and predicting species response to novel climatic conditions. Despite increasing number of studies on this topic, our knowledge on importance of genetic differentiation, plasticity and their interactions along larger sets of species is still limited especially for traits related to plant ecophysiology. We studied variation in traits related to growth, leaf chemistry, contents of photosynthetic pigments and activity of antioxidative enzymes, stomata morphology and photosynthetic activity across eight species growing along altitudinal gradients in Himalayas cultivated in three different temperature regimes and explored effects of among species phylogenetic relationships on the results. Original and target climatic conditions determine trait values in our system. The traits are either highly plastic (e.g., APX, CAT, plant size, neoxanthin, β-carotene, chlorophyll , DEPSC) or are highly differentiated among populations (stomata density, lutein production). Many traits show strong among population differentiation in degree of plasticity and direction in response to environmental changes. Most traits indicate that the species will profit from the expected warming. This suggests that different processes determine the values of the different traits and separating the importance of genetic differentiation and plasticity is crucial for our ability to predict species response to future climate changes. The results also indicate that evolution of the traits is not phylogenetically constrained but including phylogenetic information into the analysis may improve our understanding of the trait-environment relationships as was apparent from the analysis of SLA.
了解环境条件与物种特性之间的关系，是理解群落组成决定因素以及预测物种对新气候条件响应的重要前提。尽管关于这一主题的研究数量不断增加，但我们对于大量物种中遗传分化、可塑性及其相互作用的重要性的了解仍然有限，尤其是对于与植物生态生理学相关的特性。我们研究了在三种不同温度条件下种植的、沿喜马拉雅山脉海拔梯度生长的八个物种在生长、叶片化学、光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性、气孔形态和光合活性等方面的特性变化，并探讨了物种间系统发育关系对结果的影响。原始和目标气候条件决定了我们系统中的特性值。这些特性要么具有高度可塑性（例如，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、植株大小、新黄质、β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素、二乙胺基二硫代甲酸钠），要么在种群间具有高度分化（气孔密度、叶黄素生成）。许多特性在可塑性程度和对环境变化的响应方向上表现出强烈的种群间分化。大多数特性表明这些物种将从预期的变暖中受益。这表明不同的过程决定了不同特性的值，区分遗传分化和可塑性的重要性对于我们预测物种对未来气候变化响应的能力至关重要。结果还表明，这些特性的进化并非受系统发育限制，但将系统发育信息纳入分析可能会改善我们对特性与环境关系的理解，这在比叶面积的分析中很明显。
