Lin Chien-Yuan, Eudes Aymerick
1Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA.
2Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Biotechnol Biofuels. 2020 Apr 15;13:71. doi: 10.1186/s13068-020-01707-x. eCollection 2020.
Industrial crops are grown to produce goods for manufacturing. Rather than food and feed, they supply raw materials for making biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals, as well as feedstocks for fabricating fiber, biopolymer, and construction materials. Therefore, such crops offer the potential to reduce our dependency on petrochemicals that currently serve as building blocks for manufacturing the majority of our industrial and consumer products. In this review, we are providing examples of metabolites synthesized in plants that can be used as bio-based platform chemicals for partial replacement of their petroleum-derived counterparts. Plant metabolic engineering approaches aiming at increasing the content of these metabolites in biomass are presented. In particular, we emphasize on recent advances in the manipulation of the shikimate and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, both of which being the source of multiple valuable compounds. Implementing and optimizing engineered metabolic pathways for accumulation of coproducts in bioenergy crops may represent a valuable option for enhancing the commercial value of biomass and attaining sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries.
种植工业作物是为了生产用于制造的产品。它们提供生物燃料、药品和特种化学品的原材料，以及制造纤维、生物聚合物和建筑材料的原料，而不是用于食品和饲料。因此，这类作物有可能减少我们对石化产品的依赖，目前石化产品是制造大多数工业和消费品的基础材料。在本综述中，我们列举了植物中合成的代谢物的例子，这些代谢物可用作生物基平台化学品，部分替代其石油衍生的同类产品。本文介绍了旨在提高生物质中这些代谢物含量的植物代谢工程方法。特别是，我们强调了莽草酸和类异戊二烯生物合成途径操纵方面的最新进展，这两条途径都是多种有价值化合物的来源。实施和优化用于在生物能源作物中积累副产物的工程代谢途径，可能是提高生物质商业价值和实现可持续木质纤维素生物精炼厂的一个有价值的选择。
