Yanase Tohru, Murota Katsunori, Hayama Yoko
Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan.
Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Apr 7;7:168. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00168. eCollection 2020.
Epizootic congenital abnormalities caused by Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan viruses have damaged the reproduction of domestic ruminants in East Asia for many years. In the past, large outbreaks of febrile illness related to bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses severely affected the cattle industry in that region. In recent years, vaccines against these viruses have reduced the occurrence of diseases, although the viruses are still circulating and have occasionally caused sporadic and small-scaled epidemics. Over a long-term monitoring period, many arboviruses other than the above-mentioned viruses have been isolated from cattle and biting midges in Japan. Several novel arboviruses that may infect ruminants (e.g., mosquito- and tick-borne arboviruses) were recently reported in mainland China based on extensive surveillance. It is noteworthy that some are suspected of being associated with cattle diseases. Malformed calves exposed to an intrauterine infection with orthobunyaviruses (e.g., Peaton and Shamonda viruses) have been observed. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 caused a sudden outbreak of hemorrhagic disease in cattle in Japan. Unfortunately, the pathogenicity of many other viruses in ruminants has been uncertain, although these viruses potentially affect livestock production. As global transportation grows, the risk of an accidental incursion of arboviruses is likely to increase in previously non-endemic areas. Global warming will also certainly affect the distribution and active period of vectors, and thus the range of virus spreads will expand to higher-latitude regions. To prevent anticipated damages to the livestock industry, the monitoring system for arboviral circulation and incursion should be strengthened; moreover, the sharing of information and preventive strategies will be essential in East Asia.
赤羽病病毒、爱诺病毒和中仙病毒引起的流行性先天性异常多年来一直损害东亚地区家养反刍动物的繁殖。过去，与牛流行热病毒和茨城病毒相关的高热病大爆发严重影响了该地区的养牛业。近年来，针对这些病毒的疫苗减少了疾病的发生，尽管这些病毒仍在传播，偶尔也会引发散发性和小规模的疫情。在长期监测期间，日本从牛和叮咬蠓中分离出了许多上述病毒以外的虫媒病毒。最近，中国大陆基于广泛监测报告了几种可能感染反刍动物的新型虫媒病毒（如蚊媒和蜱媒虫媒病毒）。值得注意的是，有些病毒被怀疑与牛病有关。已经观察到暴露于正布尼亚病毒（如皮顿病毒和沙蒙达病毒）宫内感染的畸形犊牛。6型流行性出血病病毒在日本牛群中引发了出血病的突然爆发。不幸的是，许多其他病毒对反刍动物的致病性尚不确定，尽管这些病毒可能影响畜牧生产。随着全球运输的发展，虫媒病毒意外传入以前非流行地区的风险可能会增加。全球变暖肯定也会影响病媒的分布和活跃期，从而使病毒传播范围扩大到更高纬度地区。为防止对畜牧业造成预期损害，应加强虫媒病毒传播和传入的监测系统；此外，信息共享和预防策略在东亚地区将至关重要。
