Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
School of Fundamental Sciences-Statistics, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2020 Jul 1;64(6):645-658. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa040.
Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been shown to differ between occupations, few studies have specifically evaluated the distribution of known CVD risk factors across occupational groups. This study assessed CVD risk factors in a range of occupational groups in New Zealand, stratified by sex and ethnicity.
Two probability-based sample surveys of the general New Zealand adult population (2004-2006; n = 3003) and of the indigenous people of New Zealand (Māori; 2009-2010; n = 2107), for which occupational histories and lifestyle factors were collected, were linked with routinely collected health data. Smoking, body mass index, deprivation, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol were dichotomized and compared between occupational groups using age-adjusted logistic regression.
The prevalence of all known CVD risk factors was greater in the Māori survey than the general population survey, and in males compared with females. In general for men and women in both surveys 'Plant and machine operators and assemblers' and 'Elementary workers' were more likely to experience traditional CVD risk factors, while 'Professionals' were less likely to experience these risk factors. 'Clerks' were more likely to have high blood pressure and male 'Agricultural and fishery workers' in the general survey were less likely to have high cholesterol, but this was not observed in the Māori survey. Male Māori 'Trades workers' were less likely to have high cholesterol and were less obese, while for the general population survey, this was not observed.
This study showed differences in the distribution of known CVD risk factors across occupational groups, as well as between ethnic groups and males and females.
尽管心血管疾病（CVD）风险在不同职业中有所不同，但很少有研究专门评估各种职业群体中的已知 CVD 风险因素分布情况。本研究评估了新西兰一系列职业群体中的 CVD 风险因素，按性别和种族进行分层。
对新西兰普通成年人群（2004-2006 年；n=3003）和新西兰原住民（毛利人；2009-2010 年；n=2107）进行了两次基于概率的样本调查，收集了职业史和生活方式因素，并与常规收集的健康数据相关联。使用年龄调整后的逻辑回归，将吸烟、体重指数、贫困、糖尿病、高血压和高胆固醇等因素进行二分法处理，并比较不同职业群体之间的差异。
毛利人调查中所有已知 CVD 风险因素的患病率均高于普通人群调查，男性高于女性。一般来说，在两个调查中，“植物和机器操作员及装配工”和“初级工人”更有可能经历传统 CVD 风险因素，而“专业人员”则不太可能经历这些风险因素。“办事员”更有可能患有高血压，而普通人群调查中的男性“农业和渔业工人”则不太可能患有高胆固醇，但毛利人调查中没有观察到这种情况。毛利男性“贸易工人”不太可能患有高胆固醇且肥胖程度较低，而对于普通人群调查，这种情况则没有观察到。
本研究表明，不同职业群体以及不同种族和性别之间，已知 CVD 风险因素的分布存在差异。
