Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Am J Hum Biol. 2020 Nov;32(6):e23424. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23424. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the socioeconomic status (SES) and age on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 5 to 10-year-old children from Brazil.
The sample consisted of 80 782 (41 063 boys) students aged 5 to 10-year-old. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. SES was self-reported by parents when registering for school in the same year as the assessment.
An increasing trend in the prevalence of obesity, for boys and girls, and overweight, for girls, as they got older was observed. The prevalence of obesity was greater among medium SES boys, 18.1% (95% CI: 17.7, 18.6), and girls, 18.1% (95% CI: 17.7, 18.6), compared with low SES. For each year boys and girls get older their odds of being underweight, overweight and obese increase. Medium and high SES boys were 23% (95% CI: 1.14, 1.32) and 25% (95%CI: 1.03, 1.52) more likely to be obese than low SES boys. Girls with high SES were 20% (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.31) more likely of being obese than girls with low SES. Furthermore, age and being in the medium SES for both sexes and in the high SES for boys was positively related to the BMI z-score.
Both age and SES were factors associated with obesity among Brazilian children. For public health policies to be effective, it is necessary to understand why higher SES children and older children have higher risk and prevalence of obesity and overweight.
本研究旨在探讨社会经济地位（SES）和年龄对巴西 5 至 10 岁儿童超重和肥胖患病率的影响。
该样本包括 80782 名（41063 名男孩）5 至 10 岁的学生。测量身高和体重，并计算体重指数（BMI）。SES 由父母在评估同年为孩子注册入学时报告。
随着年龄的增长，男孩和女孩的肥胖患病率以及女孩的超重患病率呈上升趋势。中 SES 男孩的肥胖患病率较高，为 18.1%（95%可信区间：17.7，18.6），女孩为 18.1%（95%可信区间：17.7，18.6），而低 SES 男孩则较低。随着男孩和女孩年龄的增长，他们体重不足、超重和肥胖的几率会增加。中 SES 和高 SES 的男孩肥胖的几率比低 SES 的男孩分别高出 23%（95%可信区间：1.14，1.32）和 25%（95%CI：1.03，1.52）。高 SES 的女孩肥胖的几率比低 SES 的女孩高出 20%（OR=1.20；95%可信区间：1.10，1.31）。此外，年龄和中 SES 对男孩和女孩，以及高 SES 对男孩的 BMI z 评分呈正相关。
年龄和 SES 都是巴西儿童肥胖的相关因素。为了使公共卫生政策有效，有必要了解为什么较高 SES 的儿童和年龄较大的儿童肥胖和超重的风险和患病率更高。
