Pereiro Arturo X, Resúa Bea, Facal David, Cancela-Carral José María
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación, Santiago, Spain.
Universidade de Vigo, Department Specials Didactics, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Vigo, Spain.
Parkinsons Dis. 2020 Apr 4;2020:2189084. doi: 10.1155/2020/2189084. eCollection 2020.
Cognitive decline usually coexists with motor impairment in PD. Multitask settings provide appropriate measures to evaluate the complex interaction between motor and cognitive impairments. The main objective was to analyze which concurrent task, i. e., motor or hybrid motor-cognitive, in combination with a cognitive task better differentiates between PD patients with mild and moderate levels of disease.
Thirty-seven individuals (19 male and 18 female) with idiopathic PD performed dual and triple tasks combining a cognitive task (phonemic fluency) with motor (pedaling) and/or cognitive-motor hybrid (tracking) tasks. Mild and moderate disability PD groups were specified considering the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Mixed ANOVA analyses for each of the concurrent task were carried out to test differences between the single and dual or triple condition performances comparing the low and high PD disability groups. Supplementary mixed ANCOVA analysis was performed considering the cognitive status as the covariate.
The only significant differences between disability PD groups were found for performances in the cognitive-motor hybrid (tracking) task, both in dual and triple conditions. Our results showed a better performance for the mild rather than for the moderate disability group in the single condition task and a significant decline of the mild disability group in the dual and triple condition when compared to the levels of those shown by the moderate disability group. The group-condition interaction remained significant when the cognitive status was statistically controlled.
The hybrid of motor-cognitive task combining with a cognitive task (i. e., fluency) successfully differentiated between mild and moderate PD patients in the context of dual and triple multitask sets even when the cognitive status was statistically controlled. Our results highlight the importance of jointly measuring the complex interplay between motor and cognitive skills in PD.
认知功能衰退通常与帕金森病（PD）中的运动障碍并存。多任务设置为评估运动和认知障碍之间的复杂相互作用提供了合适的方法。主要目的是分析哪种并发任务，即运动任务或运动 - 认知混合任务，与认知任务相结合能更好地区分轻度和中度疾病水平的PD患者。
37名特发性PD患者（19名男性和18名女性）进行了双重和三重任务，将认知任务（音素流畅性）与运动任务（踩踏板）和/或运动 - 认知混合任务（追踪）相结合。根据Hoehn和Yahr量表确定轻度和中度残疾的PD组。对每个并发任务进行混合方差分析，以测试比较低和高PD残疾组的单任务与双任务或三任务条件下表现的差异。考虑认知状态作为协变量进行补充混合协方差分析。
仅在运动 - 认知混合（追踪）任务的双任务和三任务条件下，残疾PD组之间发现了显著差异。我们的结果显示，在单任务条件下，轻度残疾组的表现优于中度残疾组；与中度残疾组相比，轻度残疾组在双任务和三任务条件下的表现显著下降。当对认知状态进行统计学控制时，组 - 条件交互作用仍然显著。
即使在对认知状态进行统计学控制的情况下，运动 - 认知任务与认知任务（即流畅性）的混合在双任务和三任务多任务设置中成功地区分了轻度和中度PD患者。我们的结果强调了联合测量PD中运动和认知技能之间复杂相互作用的重要性。
