Associate Professor, Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal.
Coordinator Professor, Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2020 May;52(3):261-269. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12555. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
To identify nonpharmacological clinically effective interventions for constipation in adults.
A systematic review of experimental studies of nonpharmacological interventions addressing participants' management of constipation using samples of adults over 18 years of age was conducted. In evaluating the methodological quality of the eligible studies, we used the assumptions of the Cochrane Collaboration, and for the reporting of items in the systematic review we used the Model of Preferential Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The protocol of this review was recorded in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews of the University of York under number 43693.
This review included 12 randomized controlled trials. Nonpharmacological effective interventions for the resolution of constipation were identified: individualized intervention based on the participant's modifiable risk factors of constipation promoting literacy in health; educational measures in dietary modification and lifestyle; and abdominal massage.
Specific nonpharmacological interventions are crucial for nurses' clinical practice and of major importance for clients and families. Evidence on these interventions in resolving constipation is still scarce and fails to provide evidence-based data to support nursing clinical practice.
Personal lifestyles, comorbidities, medication, and sedentary habits are likely to be risk factors in constipation. Thus, it is important to invest in nonpharmacological interventions that promote changes in behavior regarding prevention or resolution of constipation. Moreover, nursing researchers worldwide should conduct research for clinical practice regarding the fundamentals of care.
确定非药物临床有效干预成年人便秘的方法。
对使用 18 岁以上成年人样本的非药物干预措施进行了系统评价，以评估参与者对便秘的管理。在评估合格研究的方法学质量时，我们使用了 Cochrane 协作的假设，并且在系统评价中报告项目时，我们使用了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目模型。该综述的方案已在约克大学的国际前瞻性系统评价注册中心记录，编号为 43693。
本综述纳入了 12 项随机对照试验。确定了非药物有效干预措施可解决便秘问题：针对参与者便秘可修改的风险因素的个体化干预措施，促进健康素养；饮食和生活方式改变方面的教育措施；以及腹部按摩。
特定的非药物干预措施对于护士的临床实践至关重要，对客户和家庭也非常重要。关于这些干预措施在解决便秘方面的证据仍然很少，无法提供基于证据的数据来支持护理临床实践。
个人生活方式、合并症、药物和久坐习惯可能是便秘的危险因素。因此，重要的是要投资于非药物干预措施，以促进针对预防或解决便秘的行为改变。此外，全球护理研究人员应针对护理的基本原理进行临床实践研究。
