Kuchakulla Manish, Narasimman Manish, Khodamoradi Kajal, Khosravizadeh Zahra, Ramasamy Ranjith
Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Andrologia. 2021 Feb;53(1):e13615. doi: 10.1111/and.13615. Epub 2020 Apr 23.
Spermatogenesis is the essential process to maintain and promote male fertility. It is extraordinarily complex with many regulatory elements and numerous steps. The process involves several cell types, regulatory molecules, repair mechanisms and epigenetic regulators. Evidence has shown that fertility can be negatively impacted by reduced sperm DNA integrity. Sources of sperm DNA damage include replication errors and causes of DNA fragmentation which include abortive apoptosis, defective maturation and oxidative stress. This review outlines the process of spermatogenesis, spermatogonial regulation and sperm differentiation; additionally, DNA damage and currently studied DNA repair mechanisms in spermatozoon are also covered.
精子发生是维持和促进男性生育能力的关键过程。它极其复杂，涉及许多调控元件和众多步骤。该过程涉及多种细胞类型、调控分子、修复机制和表观遗传调控因子。有证据表明，精子DNA完整性降低会对生育能力产生负面影响。精子DNA损伤的来源包括复制错误以及导致DNA片段化的原因，后者包括凋亡异常、成熟缺陷和氧化应激。本综述概述了精子发生、精原细胞调控和精子分化的过程；此外，还涵盖了精子中的DNA损伤及目前所研究的DNA修复机制。
