Department of Art Design, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Department of Architecture, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichuang 41349, Taiwan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 21;17(8):2863. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082863.
Community home-based care has become China's main mode of care for the elderly, and the aging of the community public environment has become the focus of attention of all of society. This study uses a questionnaire survey and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to (i) obtain the relative weights of indicators in the hierarchy structure of an aging-friendly community public environment and (ii) build a complete indicator evaluation system for the aging-friendly community public environment. The research results show that the quasi-side evaluation index framework of the aging-friendly community public environment is composed of four factors (i.e., community facilities, community road system, community environmental function, and community landscape configuration) and 24 evaluation indexes. The weights of the indicators in descending order are "community road system (w = 0.374)", "community facilities (w = 0.310)", "community environmental functions (w = 0.264)", and "community landscape configuration (w = 0.052)". The research results show that "community road systems" and "community facilities" are important indicators of the aging-friendliness of a community public environment. "Community environmental function" is an important supplemental factor of the aging-friendliness of a community public environment. "Community landscape configuration" involves improving the construction of the community public environment from the perspective of landscaping. Among all indicator levels, the weights of "Community road floor slip resistance" (w = 0.1795), "Daily health and medical facilities (w = 0.1181)", and "Provide social interaction functions (w = 0.1067)" are ranked the highest. These results show that ensuring the physical and mental health of the elderly in the community is a core criterion for evaluating the aging-friendliness of a public environment in the community. In this study, an index evaluation weight system is established to clarify the best approach to constructing an aging-friendly community public environment in accordance with previous standard specifications. This system can further clarify the scientific method for evaluating aging-friendly public environments built in the past and can serve as a reference for the practical world.
社区居家养老已成为中国养老的主要模式，社区公共环境的老龄化也成为全社会关注的焦点。本研究采用问卷调查和模糊层次分析法（FAHP），（i）获得老龄化友好型社区公共环境层次结构中指标的相对权重；（ii）构建一个完整的老龄化友好型社区公共环境指标评价体系。研究结果表明，老龄化友好型社区公共环境的准侧评价指标框架由四个因素（即社区设施、社区道路系统、社区环境功能和社区景观配置）和 24 个评价指标组成。指标权重按降序排列依次为“社区道路系统（w=0.374）”、“社区设施（w=0.310）”、“社区环境功能（w=0.264）”和“社区景观配置（w=0.052）”。研究结果表明，“社区道路系统”和“社区设施”是社区公共环境老龄化友好程度的重要指标，“社区环境功能”是社区公共环境老龄化友好程度的重要补充因素，“社区景观配置”涉及从景观建设角度改善社区公共环境。在所有指标层次中，“社区道路地面防滑性”（w=0.1795）、“日常健康和医疗设施”（w=0.1181）和“提供社会互动功能”（w=0.1067）的权重最高。这些结果表明，保障社区老年人的身心健康是评价社区公共环境老龄化友好程度的核心标准。本研究建立了指标评价权重体系，明确了按照以往标准规范构建老龄化友好型社区公共环境的最佳方法，进一步厘清了过去建设的老龄化友好型公共环境的科学评价方法，可为实践界提供参考。
