Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 May 19;54(10):6272-6280. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06147. Epub 2020 May 7.
Despite increasing efforts to decarbonize the power sector, the utilization of natural gas-fired power plants is anticipated to continue. This study models existing solvent-based carbon capture technologies on natural gas-fired power plants, using site-specific emissions and regionally defined cost parameters to calculate the cost of CO avoided for two scenarios: delivery to and injection within reliable sequestration sites, and delivery and injection for the purpose of CO-enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Despite the application of credits from the existing federal tax code 45Q, a minimum incentive gap of roughly $38/tCO remains for the geologic sequestration of CO and $56/tCO for CO-EOR (before consideration of revenue generated from delivered CO contracts). At full escalation of 45Q, delivered CO costs from this sector for geologic sequestration could reach as low as $22/tCO. However, given the capital investment required in the near-term, it would be beneficial if the credit provided the greatest economic benefit early on and decreasing over time as deployment continues to ramp up. Additionally, due to the high qualifying limit of 45Q for the power sector, e.g., 500 ktCO/yr, the tax credit incentivizes the capture of roughly 397 MtCO/yr at a 90% capture efficiency or 75% of the emissions in this sector, with missed opportunities equating to roughly 118 MtCO. Advancing the scale of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) will require both technological advances in the capture technology, cost reductions through the leveraging of existing infrastructure, and increased policy incentives in terms of cost along with the reduction of qualifying limits.
尽管人们在努力减少电力部门的碳排放，但预计仍将继续利用天然气火力发电厂。本研究针对天然气火力发电厂现有的溶剂型碳捕集技术进行建模，使用特定地点的排放和区域定义的成本参数来计算两种情景下 CO 减排的成本：输送到可靠封存点并进行封存，以及输送和注入以提高 CO 采收率（EOR）。尽管可以应用现有联邦税法 45Q 的信用额度，但对于地质封存 CO 而言，仍存在约 38 美元/吨 CO 的最低激励差距，对于 CO-EOR 而言则为 56 美元/吨 CO（在考虑交付 CO 合同产生的收入之前）。在 45Q 全面升级的情况下，该部门用于地质封存的交付 CO 成本可能低至 22 美元/吨。然而，考虑到近期所需的资本投资，如果信用额度能够在早期提供最大的经济效益，并随着部署的继续增加而逐渐减少，这将是有益的。此外，由于电力部门 45Q 的高合格限额，例如 500ktCO/yr，税收抵免激励了大约 397MtCO/yr 的捕获，捕获效率为 90%或该部门排放量的 75%，错失的机会约为 118MtCO。推进碳捕集和封存（CCS）的规模需要在捕集技术方面取得技术进步，通过利用现有基础设施降低成本，以及在成本方面增加政策激励，并降低合格限额。
