College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States.
School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 19;56(14):9872-9881. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08837. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
In 2020, the Wyoming Legislature enacted House Bill No. 0200 (HB0200), which requires utilities to generate a percentage of dispatchable and reliable low-carbon electricity by 2030. This state requirement must take into consideration "any potentially expiring federal tax credits", such as the federal Section 45Q tax credit. This study aims to examine the potential role of economic and policy incentives that facilitate carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) deployment. A unit-level retrofit analysis shows that deploying CCS at existing coal-fired power plants in Wyoming to meet the HB0200 emission limit would decrease the net efficiency by 29% and increase the levelized cost of electricity by 237% on the fleet average. The CO avoidance cost varies by unit from $65/t to 201/t, which reveals economic challenges for CCS retrofits. However, the current tax credit of $50 per metric ton of CO for saline-reservoir storage can lower the avoidance cost by 47% on the fleet average. The proposed enhancement of the tax credit to $85/t would offset the added cost for CCS deployment for a total capacity of 3.4 GW. Joint policy and economic incentives can encourage fossil fuel abatement to play a firm role in energy transition.
2020 年，怀俄明州立法机构颁布了第 0200 号众议院法案（HB0200），要求公用事业公司到 2030 年生成一定比例的可调度和可靠低碳电力。这一州级要求必须考虑到“任何可能即将到期的联邦税收抵免”，例如联邦第 45Q 节税收抵免。本研究旨在探讨促进碳捕获和封存（CCS）部署的经济和政策激励措施的潜在作用。一项单元级改造分析表明，在怀俄明州现有的燃煤电厂部署 CCS 以满足 HB0200 的排放限制，将使净效率降低 29%，使平均每单位的平准化度电成本增加 237%。避免 CO 的成本因机组而异，为 65 美元/吨至 201 美元/吨，这表明 CCS 改造存在经济挑战。然而，目前对盐水储层存储的每吨 CO50 美元的税收抵免可以使平均每单位的避免成本降低 47%。拟议将税收抵免提高到 85 美元/吨，将抵消 CCS 部署的额外成本，总容量为 34 吉瓦。联合政策和经济激励措施可以鼓励减少化石燃料的使用，在能源转型中发挥坚定的作用。
