新生儿饮食在不同月龄时通过改变母乳喂养或配方奶喂养婴儿的粪便微生物群和代谢组特征。
Neonatal diet alters fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles at different ages in infants fed breast milk or formula.
机构信息
Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;111(6):1190-1202. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa076.
BACKGROUND
Neonatal diet has a large influence on child health and might modulate changes in fecal microbiota and metabolites.
OBJECTIVES
The aim is to investigate fecal microbiota and metabolites at different ages in infants who were breastfed (BF), received dairy-based milk formula (MF), or received soy-based formula (SF).
METHODS
Fecal samples were collected at 3 (n = 16, 12, and 14, respectively), 6 (n = 20, 19, and 15, respectively), 9 (n = 12, 11, and 12, respectively), and 12 mo (n = 14, 14, and 15, respectively) for BF, MF, and SF infants. Infants that breastfed until 9 mo and switched to formula were considered as no longer breastfeeding at 12 mo. Microbiota data were obtained using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted using a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The data were analyzed using R (version 3.6.0) within the RStudio (version 1.1.463) platform.
RESULTS
At 3, 6, and 9 mo of age BF infants had the lowest α-diversity, SF infants had the highest diversity, and MF was intermediate. Bifidobacterium was 2.6- to 5-fold lower in SF relative to BF infants through 1 y of life. An unidentified genus from Ruminococcaceae higher in the SF (2%) than in the MF (0.4%) and BF (0.08%) infants at 3 mo of age was observed. In BF infants higher levels of butyric acid, d-sphingosine, kynurenic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and betaine were observed than in MF and SF infants. At 3 mo Ruminococcaceae was positively correlated to azelaic, gentisic, isocitric, sebacic, and syringic acids. At 6 mo Oscillospira was negatively correlated with 3-hydroxybutyric-acid, hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid, and betaine whereas Bifidobacterium was negatively associated with 5-hydroxytryptamine. At 12 mo of age, Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with hydroxyphenyllactic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
Infant diet has a large impact on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in the first year of life.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00616395.
背景
新生儿的饮食对儿童健康有很大影响，并可能调节粪便微生物群和代谢物的变化。
目的
本研究旨在调查母乳喂养（BF）、接受基于牛奶配方的配方奶（MF）或接受基于大豆配方的配方奶（SF）的婴儿在不同年龄时的粪便微生物群和代谢物。
方法
在 3 个月（n=16、12 和 14）、6 个月（n=20、19 和 15）、9 个月（n=12、11 和 12）和 12 个月（n=14、14 和 15）时收集 BF、MF 和 SF 婴儿的粪便样本。在 9 个月时仍母乳喂养且在 12 个月时改为配方奶的婴儿被认为不再母乳喂养。使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 测序获得微生物组数据。使用 Q-Exactive 杂合四极杆轨道阱质谱仪进行非靶向代谢组学分析。使用 R（版本 3.6.0）在 RStudio（版本 1.1.463）平台内分析数据。
结果
在 3、6 和 9 个月时，BF 婴儿的 α-多样性最低，SF 婴儿的多样性最高，MF 处于中间水平。SF 婴儿的双歧杆菌比 BF 婴儿低 2.6-5 倍，在生命的第一年。在 3 个月时，SF（2%）中一种未鉴定的属于 Ruminococcaceae 的属高于 MF（0.4%）和 BF（0.08%）婴儿，在 3 个月时，SF（2%）中一种未鉴定的属于 Ruminococcaceae 的属高于 MF（0.4%）和 BF（0.08%）婴儿。在 BF 婴儿中，丁酸、d-鞘氨醇、犬尿氨酸、吲哚-3-乳酸、吲哚-3-乙酸和甜菜碱的水平高于 MF 和 SF 婴儿。在 3 个月时，Ruminococcaceae 与壬二酸、龙胆酸、异柠檬酸、癸二酸和丁香酸呈正相关。在 6 个月时，Oscillospira 与 3-羟基丁酸、羟基肉桂酸和甜菜碱呈负相关，而双歧杆菌与 5-羟色胺呈负相关。在 12 个月时，Lachnospiraceae 与羟基苯乳酸呈负相关。
结论
婴儿饮食对生命第一年的粪便微生物群和代谢组有很大影响。本研究在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT00616395。
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