Welykholowa Kaylie, Hosanee Manish, Chan Gabriel, Cooper Rachel, Kyriacou Panayiotis A, Zheng Dingchang, Allen John, Abbott Derek, Menon Carlo, Lovell Nigel H, Howard Newton, Chan Wee-Shian, Lim Kenneth, Fletcher Richard, Ward Rabab, Elgendi Mohamed
Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 22;9(4):1203. doi: 10.3390/jcm9041203.
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of death, yet hypertension commonly goes undetected. Owing to its nature, it is typically asymptomatic until later in its progression when the vessel or organ structure has already been compromised. Therefore, noninvasive and continuous BP measurement methods are needed to ensure appropriate diagnosis and early management before hypertension leads to irreversible complications. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive technology with waveform morphologies similar to that of arterial BP waveforms, therefore attracting interest regarding its usability in BP estimation. In recent years, wearable devices incorporating PPG sensors have been proposed to improve the early diagnosis and management of hypertension. Additionally, the need for improved accuracy and convenience has led to the development of devices that incorporate multiple different biosignals with PPG. Through the addition of modalities such as an electrocardiogram, a final measure of the pulse wave velocity is derived, which has been proved to be inversely correlated to BP and to yield accurate estimations. This paper reviews and summarizes recent studies within the period 2010-2019 that combined PPG with other biosignals and offers perspectives on the strengths and weaknesses of current developments to guide future advancements in BP measurement. Our literature review reveals promising measurement accuracies and we comment on the effective combinations of modalities and success of this technology.
血压升高是主要死因，但高血压通常未被察觉。因其特性，在血管或器官结构已受损的疾病进展后期之前，它通常无症状。因此，需要非侵入性和连续的血压测量方法，以确保在高血压导致不可逆并发症之前进行适当诊断和早期管理。光电容积脉搏波描记法（PPG）是一种非侵入性技术，其波形形态与动脉血压波形相似，因此在血压估计中的可用性引起了人们的兴趣。近年来，已提出采用PPG传感器的可穿戴设备来改善高血压的早期诊断和管理。此外，对提高准确性和便利性的需求促使了结合多种不同生物信号与PPG的设备的开发。通过添加诸如心电图等模式，得出脉搏波速度的最终测量值，事实证明该值与血压呈负相关且能得出准确估计。本文回顾并总结了2010年至2019年期间将PPG与其他生物信号相结合的近期研究，并对当前进展的优缺点提出看法，以指导血压测量的未来发展。我们的文献综述揭示了有前景的测量准确性，并且我们对模式的有效组合以及该技术的成功进行了评论。
