Awad Michael, Capasso Robson
Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, 675 N, St Clair Street, 15th Floor, Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2020 Jun;53(3):459-468. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.02.008. Epub 2020 Apr 23.
This article focuses on the role of skeletal surgery within the modified Stanford protocol with particular attention focused on the evolved role of MMA. First, surgery in patients presenting with congenital dentofacial deformity or characteristic drug-induced sleep endoscopy findings, then the growing role of maxillary expansion in a newly identified patient phenotype, and finally genioglossus advancement, are discussed. Less commonly used and validated techniques, such as isolated mandibular advancement and maxillomandibular expansion are not discussed in this article.
本文重点关注骨骼手术在改良斯坦福方案中的作用，尤其关注下颌骨前移术（MMA）不断演变的作用。首先，讨论了患有先天性牙颌面畸形或具有特征性药物诱导睡眠内镜检查结果的患者的手术，然后是上颌扩弓在新发现的患者表型中的日益重要的作用，最后是颏舌肌前移术。本文未讨论较少使用且未经证实的技术，如单纯下颌前移术和上颌下颌扩弓术。
