Dawood Gouwa, Klop Daleen, Olivier Elrietha, Elliott Haley, Pillay Mershen, Grimmer Karen
Division of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, T Ygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
Division of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, T Ygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jul;134:110036. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110036. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has had a major impact on life expectancy from HIV as many people now live with it as a chronic disease. Chronic HIV has been associated with a range of comorbid disabilities and health conditions, one of which is hearing loss. Undiagnosed and untreated hearing loss, particularly in children, has been linked to poorer spoken language skills, with subsequent effects on academic performance.
This systematic scoping review aimed to summarize the available peer-reviewed literature on hearing loss in HIV-infected children, specifically to describe its extent and nature. The review followed the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Key search terms included hearing loss (and synonyms), child (and synonyms), and HIV. Electronic databases (EBSCOhost Research Platform, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases) were searched for any relevant articles published from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2019. Reference lists of included articles were pearled for additional relevant articles not already identified. Each stage of the selection process was conducted independently by two authors. The results were then collated by a third author who also resolved any discrepancies. Extracted data included sample descriptors, audiologic tests, hearing loss prevalence, hearing loss descripts, and factors associated with hearing loss.
Seventeen articles were included; 10 from Africa, four from South America, two from North America and the remaining article from Asia. Although most of the articles reported on pure tone audiometry, the samples as well as the cut-off criteria for normal hearing were heterogenous. Prevalence of hearing loss varied across articles (from 6% to 84%). Conductive hearing loss occurred more frequently than sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. ART use and ear infection were reported as significant in three of five articles that reported on significant associates of HIV-related hearing loss.
There was a modest volume of research from a limited number of countries. Heterogeneity in sampling and audiometric methods precluded a clear understanding of potential associations between chronic HIV-related hearing loss and contributing factors.
抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）对感染艾滋病毒者的预期寿命产生了重大影响，因为现在许多人都将其作为一种慢性病来应对。慢性艾滋病毒感染与一系列合并症和健康状况有关，其中之一就是听力损失。未被诊断和治疗的听力损失，尤其是在儿童中，与较差的口语技能有关，进而影响学业成绩。
本系统综述旨在总结关于艾滋病毒感染儿童听力损失的现有同行评审文献，特别是描述其程度和性质。该综述遵循了阿克西和奥马利提出的框架。关键搜索词包括听力损失（及其同义词）、儿童（及其同义词）和艾滋病毒。在电子数据库（EBSCOhost研究平台、PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库）中搜索2000年1月1日至2019年6月30日发表的任何相关文章。对纳入文章的参考文献列表进行筛选，以查找尚未识别的其他相关文章。选择过程的每个阶段均由两位作者独立进行。然后由第三位作者整理结果，该作者还解决了任何差异。提取的数据包括样本描述、听力测试、听力损失患病率、听力损失描述以及与听力损失相关的因素。
纳入了17篇文章；10篇来自非洲，4篇来自南美洲，2篇来自北美洲，其余1篇来自亚洲。尽管大多数文章报告了纯音听力测定，但样本以及正常听力的截止标准各不相同。各文章中听力损失的患病率有所不同（从6%到84%）。传导性听力损失比感音神经性或混合性听力损失更常见。在报告艾滋病毒相关听力损失的重要关联因素的五篇文章中，有三篇提到使用抗逆转录病毒疗法和耳部感染具有重要意义。
来自有限数量国家的研究数量适中。抽样和听力测定方法的异质性使得难以清楚了解慢性艾滋病毒相关听力损失与促成因素之间的潜在关联。
