Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020 Aug;30(8):1506-1517. doi: 10.1111/sms.13694. Epub 2020 May 11.
To assess the real-life magnitude of the heading incidence in children's and youth' football in eight European countries with different "football cultures," a cross-sectional observational design, in which one match per team in 480 different teams from eight European countries (2017/18-2018/19), was recorded by video. One training session was recorded in 312 teams. Clubs with Under-10, Under-12 (female/male/mixed), and Under-16 female and male teams were eligible to participate. Heading frequencies and types were analyzed. Results are presented as headers per match/training and per team. Incidence rates (IR) per 1000 match/training hours were calculated. Under-10 teams carried out the lowest average number of headers per match (8.8), followed by Under-16 female (17.7), Under-12 (18.4), and Under-16 male (35.5). Total number of headers per match and team varied between countries. 80% of the total number of headers were single intentional headers, 12% heading duels, 3% unintentional headers by getting hit, and 5% others (trends apparent in all age groups). Three head injuries occurred during match play corresponding to an IR of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.23-2.16). The lowest number of headers per training and team was found in Under-10 (21.3), followed by Under-16 females (34.1), Under-12 (35.8), and Under-16 males (45.0). In conclusion, this large-scale study presents novel data about the number and type of headers in youth' football throughout Europe. A more precise understanding of the heading incidence, specifically in young players, is mandatory for the debate of restrictions on heading in youth football.
为了评估在八个具有不同“足球文化”的欧洲国家中儿童和青少年足球的实际触球发生率，我们采用了一种横断面观察设计，对来自八个欧洲国家的 480 支不同球队的每支球队的一场比赛（2017/18 年至 2018/19 年）进行了录像记录。还对 312 支球队的一次训练进行了录像记录。有资格参加的俱乐部必须拥有 U-10、U-12（男女混合）和 U-16 男女球队。分析了触球频率和类型。结果以每场比赛/训练和每支球队的触球次数表示。每 1000 小时比赛/训练的发病率（IR）计算得出。U-10 球队每场比赛的平均触球次数最低（8.8 次），其次是 U-16 女队（17.7 次）、U-12 队（18.4 次）和 U-16 男队（35.5 次）。每场比赛和球队的总触球次数因国家而异。总触球次数的 80%是单次故意触球，12%是触球对决，3%是因被击中而意外触球，5%是其他情况（所有年龄组都有这种趋势）。在比赛中发生了 3 例头部受伤，发病率为 0.70（95%CI，0.23-2.16）。U-10 球队每场训练和每支球队的触球次数最低（21.3 次），其次是 U-16 女队（34.1 次）、U-12 队（35.8 次）和 U-16 男队（45.0 次）。总之，这项大规模研究提供了关于整个欧洲青少年足球触球次数和类型的新数据。为了辩论青少年足球中限制触球的问题，必须更准确地了解触球发生率，特别是在年轻球员中。
