de Boer J O, van Es A J, Voorrips L E, Blokstra F, Vogt J E
Department of Animal Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988 Dec;42(12):983-97.
Some studies on energy metabolism of men and women in Third World countries suggested that their basal metabolic rate (BMR) is lower compared to BMRs of people in Northern European and American countries. It is, however, not clear whether this results from ethnic factors, climate or adaptation to, for instance, a low energy intake. A study on energy requirements of people from Third World countries has therefore been performed. People with different ethnic backgrounds participated; they were divided into four ethnic groups: 8 African males, 7 Asian males of Mongolian origin (Asian-M), 8 Asian males of Caucasian origin (Asian-C) and 7 European males, who formed the control group. The participants from outside Europe had spent at least 3 months in the Netherlands. All participants consumed a diet (12 per cent of energy from protein, 22 per cent from fat and 66 per cent from carbohydrate) during 8 d. The dietary energy given to each individual was estimated to maintain energy equilibrium during the experiment. The last 3 nights and 2 days were spent in an indirect whole-body calorimeter. Two 24-h energy expenditure (24hEE) measurements were performed on each subject. The environmental temperature inside the calorimeter was 22.0-24.5 degrees C. Physical activity was light, mainly sedentary, with 75 min bicycling at 15 W. The Asian subjects had a significantly lower body weight and fat-free mass than the Europeans. Energy requirement (ER), 24hEE and EE during the night (8 h sleep) was lower in the Asian and African subjects compared to the Europeans, but the difference only reached significance for the Asian-C and African males. When ER, 24hEE and EE-night were expressed in relation to body weight and fat-free mass the Asian groups showed a higher ER and higher EE than the Europeans. This result is contrary to findings of others and may be caused eg, by a higher body weight and fat-free mass of the European controls. Comparison of EE-night with BMR estimated from FAO/WHO/UNU equations showed that the EE-night was consistently lower by about 9 per cent. This suggests that EE during the night may not be predicted by the BMR estimated by widely used equations. This study does not give conclusive evidence that an ethnic factor is involved in energy metabolism in humans.
一些关于第三世界国家男性和女性能量代谢的研究表明,与北欧和美国国家的人的基础代谢率(BMR)相比,他们的基础代谢率较低。然而,尚不清楚这是由种族因素、气候还是对低能量摄入等的适应导致的。因此,开展了一项关于第三世界国家人群能量需求的研究。不同种族背景的人参与了研究;他们被分为四个种族组:8名非洲男性、7名蒙古裔亚洲男性(亚洲 - M)、8名高加索裔亚洲男性(亚洲 - C)和7名欧洲男性,后者构成对照组。来自欧洲以外的参与者在荷兰至少待了3个月。所有参与者在8天内食用一种饮食(能量的12%来自蛋白质,22%来自脂肪,66%来自碳水化合物)。给予每个个体的膳食能量经估算可在实验期间维持能量平衡。最后3个晚上和2天在间接式全身热量计中度过。对每个受试者进行了两次24小时能量消耗(24hEE)测量。热量计内的环境温度为22.0 - 24.5摄氏度。身体活动量较小,主要是久坐不动,有75分钟以15瓦功率骑自行车。亚洲受试者的体重和去脂体重显著低于欧洲人。亚洲和非洲受试者的能量需求(ER)、24hEE以及夜间(8小时睡眠)的能量消耗(EE)低于欧洲人,但这种差异仅在亚洲 - C男性和非洲男性中达到显著水平。当将ER、24hEE和夜间EE与体重和去脂体重相关联表示时,亚洲组的ER和EE高于欧洲人。这一结果与其他研究结果相反,可能是例如由欧洲对照组较高的体重和去脂体重导致的。将夜间EE与根据粮农组织/世界卫生组织/联合国大学方程估算的BMR进行比较表明,夜间EE始终低约9%。这表明夜间EE可能无法通过广泛使用的方程估算的BMR来预测。这项研究没有给出确凿证据表明种族因素参与人类能量代谢。