Heini A F, Minghelli G, Diaz E, Prentice A M, Schutz Y
Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-3360, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 May;50(5):284-9.
To assess total free-living energy expenditure (EE) in Gambian farmers with two independent methods, and to determine the most realistic free-living EE and physical activity in order to establish energy requirements for rural populations in developing countries.
In this cross-sectional study two methods were applied at the same time.
Three rural villages and Dunn Nutrition Centre Keneba, MRC, The Gambia.
Eight healthy, male subjects were recruited from three rural Gambian villages in the sub-Sahelian area (age: 25 +/- 4y; weight: 61.2 +/- 10.1 kg; height: 169.5 +/- 6.5 cm, body mass index: 21.2 +/- 2.5 kg/m2).
We assessed free-living EE with two inconspicuous and independent methods: the first one used doubly labeled water (DLW) (2H2 18O) over a period of 12 days, whereas the second one was based on continuous heart rate (HR) measurements on two to three days using individual regression lines (HR vs EE) established by indirect calorimetry in a respiration chamber. Isotopic dilution of deuterium (2H2O) was also used to assess total body water and hence fat-free mass (FFM).
EE assessed by DLW was found to be 3880 +/- 994 kcal/day (16.2 +/- 4.2 MJ/day). Expressed per unit body weight the EE averaged 64.2 +/- 9.3 kcal/kg/d (269 +/- 38 kJ/kg/d). These results were consistent with the EE results assessed by HR: 3847 +/- 605 kcal/d (16.1 +/- 2.5 MJ/d) or 63.4 +/- 8.2 kcal/kg/d (265 +/- 34kJ/kg/d). Physical activity index, expressed as a multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR), averaged 2.40 +/- 0.41 (DLW) or 2.40 +/- 0.28 (HR).
These findings suggest an extremely high level of physical activity in Gambian men during intense agricultural work (wet season). This contrasts with the relative food shortage, previously reported during the harvesting period. We conclude that the assessment of EE during the agricultural season in non-industrialized countries needs further investigations in order to obtain information on the energy requirement of these populations. For this purpose the use of the DLW and HR methods have been shown to be useful and complementary.
采用两种独立方法评估冈比亚农民的总自由生活能量消耗（EE），并确定最符合实际的自由生活EE和身体活动情况，以便为发展中国家农村人口确定能量需求。
在这项横断面研究中同时应用了两种方法。
冈比亚的三个农村村庄以及邓恩营养中心（位于凯内巴，冈比亚医学研究理事会）。
从萨赫勒地区以下三个冈比亚农村村庄招募了8名健康男性受试者（年龄：25±4岁；体重：61.2±10.1千克；身高：169.5±6.5厘米，体重指数：21.2±2.5千克/平方米）。
我们采用两种不引人注意且相互独立的方法评估自由生活EE：第一种方法使用双标水（DLW）（2H2 18O），为期12天；而第二种方法基于在两到三天内连续测量心率（HR），使用在呼吸室内通过间接测热法建立的个体回归线（HR与EE）。还使用氘（2H2O）的同位素稀释法评估全身水含量，进而评估去脂体重（FFM）。
通过DLW评估的EE为3880±994千卡/天（16.2±4.2兆焦/天）。按单位体重计算，EE平均为每天64.2±9.3千卡/千克（269±38千焦/千克）。这些结果与通过HR评估的EE结果一致：3847±605千卡/天（16.1±2.5兆焦/天）或63.4±8.2千卡/千克/天（265±34千焦/千克）。身体活动指数以基础代谢率（BMR）的倍数表示，平均为2.40±0.41（DLW）或2.40±0.28（HR）。
这些发现表明，冈比亚男性在农忙时节（雨季）身体活动水平极高。这与之前报道的收获季节相对食物短缺形成对比。我们得出结论，为获取这些人群的能量需求信息，对非工业化国家农业季节的EE评估需要进一步研究。为此，DLW和HR方法已被证明是有用且互补的。
