Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 24;17(8):2949. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082949.
Previous studies suggest that green and blue spaces may promote several health outcomes including birth outcomes. However, no synthesis of previous work has specifically asked policy-relevant questions of how much and what type is needed in every neighborhood to elicit these benefits at the population level. A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize thirty-seven studies on the association between residential green and blue spaces and pregnancy outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed for birth weight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB). Increase in residential greenness was statistically significantly associated with higher BW [β = 0.001, 95%CI: (<0.001, 0.002)] and lower odds of SGA [OR = 0.95, 95%CI: (0.92, 0.97)]. Associations between green space and LBW and PTB were as hypothesized but not statistically significant. Associations between blue spaces and pregnancy outcomes were not evident. No study explicitly examined questions of threshold, though some evidence of nonlinearity indicated that moderate amounts of green space may support more favorable pregnancy outcomes. Policy-relevant green and blue space exposures involving theory-driven thresholds warrant testing to ensure future investments in urban greening promote healthier pregnancy outcomes.
先前的研究表明，绿色和蓝色空间可能会促进多种健康结果，包括生育结果。然而，以前的工作综合并没有专门提出在每个社区需要多少和什么样的绿色和蓝色空间来在人群水平上获得这些益处的相关政策问题。本研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以综合 37 项关于居住绿色和蓝色空间与妊娠结果之间关联的研究。对出生体重 (BW)、小于胎龄儿 (SGA)、低出生体重 (LBW) 和早产 (PTB) 进行了荟萃分析。居住绿化程度的增加与较高的 BW 呈统计学显著相关[β=0.001，95%CI：(<0.001, 0.002)]和 SGA 的几率降低[OR=0.95, 95%CI: (0.92, 0.97)]。绿地与 LBW 和 PTB 之间的关联符合假设，但无统计学意义。蓝色空间与妊娠结局之间没有明显关联。没有研究明确探讨阈值问题，尽管一些非线性的证据表明，适度的绿色空间可能支持更有利的妊娠结果。涉及理论驱动阈值的与政策相关的绿色和蓝色空间暴露值得进一步研究，以确保未来对城市绿化的投资能够促进更健康的妊娠结果。
