Grazuleviciene Regina, Danileviciute Asta, Dedele Audrius, Vencloviene Jone, Andrusaityte Sandra, Uždanaviciute Inga, Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J
Department of Environmental Science, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio 58, Kaunas 44248, Lithuania.
Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015 May;218(3):358-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
There is increasing evidence that green space can improve the health and well-being of urban residents. However, there has been no consistent evidence of the effect of city parks on reproductive health. We investigated whether surrounding greenness levels and/or distance to city parks affect birth outcomes. This study was based on 3292 singleton live-births from the Kaunas birth cohort, Lithuania (2007-2009), who were enrolled in the FP7 PHENOTYPE project study. Residential surrounding greenness level was ascertained as average of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within buffers of 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m of each maternal home and distance to a city park was defined as distance to boundaries of the nearest city park. For each indicator of green space exposure, linear or logistic regression models were constructed to estimate change in birth outcomes adjusted for relevant covariates. An increase in distance to a city parks was associated with an increase in risk of preterm birth and decrease of gestational age. We found a statistically significant association between low surrounding greenness and term low birth weight. After assessing effect modification based on the low surrounding greenness (NDVI-500<median) and the distance to city parks (>1000 m), we found increased risks for low birth weight (OR 2.23, 1.20-4.15), term low birth weight (OR 2.97, 1.04-8.45) and preterm birth (OR 1.77, 1.10-2.81) for subjects with low surrounding greenness and farther distance from a park. Both higher surrounding greenness level and proximity to park have beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes. A beneficial park effect on foetal growth is most apparent in the environment with low surrounding greenness level. Further investigation is needed to confirm this association.
越来越多的证据表明，绿地可以改善城市居民的健康和福祉。然而，关于城市公园对生殖健康影响的证据并不一致。我们调查了周边绿地水平和/或与城市公园的距离是否会影响出生结局。本研究基于立陶宛考纳斯出生队列（2007 - 2009年）的3292例单胎活产，这些病例纳入了第七框架计划（FP7）表型项目研究。居住周边绿地水平确定为每个母亲住所100米、300米和500米缓冲区内基于卫星的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）的平均值，与城市公园的距离定义为到最近城市公园边界的距离。对于每个绿地暴露指标，构建线性或逻辑回归模型以估计在调整相关协变量后出生结局的变化。与城市公园距离的增加与早产风险的增加和孕周的减少相关。我们发现周边绿地水平低与足月低出生体重之间存在统计学上的显著关联。在根据周边绿地水平低（NDVI - 500 <中位数）和与城市公园的距离（> 1000米）评估效应修正后，我们发现周边绿地水平低且距离公园较远的受试者低出生体重（比值比2.23，1.20 - 4.15）、足月低出生体重（比值比2.97，1.04 - 8.45）和早产（比值比1.77，1.10 - 2.81）的风险增加。较高的周边绿地水平和靠近公园对妊娠结局均有有益影响。公园对胎儿生长的有益影响在周边绿地水平低的环境中最为明显。需要进一步调查以证实这种关联。
