Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 May 19;54(10):6053-6062. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06902. Epub 2020 May 8.
Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and "novel" brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were determined in lagoons processing wastewater from two high-Arctic and two sub-Arctic of Canada communities to assess the importance of local anthropogenic sources. ∑PFAAs in influent and effluent of the Arctic lagoons were within the lower end of the range of concentrations previously observed in Canadian temperate wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In comparison, influent and effluent concentrations of ∑PBDEs and NBFRs were significantly greater ( < 0.05) in high-Arctic lagoons compared to sub-Arctic and temperate plants. The surprisingly elevated concentrations of PBDEs and NBFRs in high-Arctic lagoons were probably related to high organic matter found in Arctic wastewater due to lower consumption of potable water leading to less dilution compared to temperate regions. Although PFAAs also sorb to solids, the wastewater samples were filtered prior to analysis of PFAAs (but not PBDEs and NBFRs), which likely reduced the impacts of solids on the results for PFAAs. Based on an extrapolation of per capita mass effluent loadings of the four Arctic lagoons, mass loadings to the Arctic of Canada via WWTP effluent were estimated as 1405 g/year and 549 g/year for ∑PFAAs and ∑PBDEs, respectively.
我们测定了加拿大两个北极和两个亚北极社区处理废水的泻湖中全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和“新型”溴化阻燃剂（NBFRs）的浓度，以评估当地人为源的重要性。北极泻湖进、出水∑PFAAs 的浓度处于加拿大温带污水处理厂（WWTPs）之前观察到的浓度范围的低端。相比之下，与亚北极和温带植物相比，高北极泻湖的∑PBDEs 和 NBFRs 的进、出水浓度明显更高（<0.05）。高北极泻湖中 PBDEs 和 NBFRs 浓度出人意料地升高，可能与北极废水中发现的高有机物有关，由于饮用水消耗量较低，与温带地区相比，稀释程度较低。尽管 PFAAs 也会被固体物质吸附，但在分析 PFAAs 之前对废水样品进行了过滤（但对 PBDEs 和 NBFRs 没有进行过滤），这可能降低了固体物质对 PFAAs 结果的影响。根据四个北极泻湖的人均废水排放量外推，通过 WWTP 废水向加拿大北极地区的 PFAAs 和∑PBDEs 的质量负荷分别估计为 1405 g/年和 549 g/年。
