International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 30;15(4):e0232600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232600. eCollection 2020.
Cholera is a highly infectious disease and remains a serious public health burden in Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to measure the private demand for oral cholera vaccines (OCV) in Bangladesh and to investigate the key determinants of this demand, reflected in the household's willingness to pay (WTP) for oral cholera vaccine.
A contingent valuation method was employed in an urban setting of Bangladesh during December 2015 to January 2016. All respondents (N = 1051) received a description of World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified OCV, Shanchol™. Interviews were conducted with either the head of households or their spouse or a major economic contributor of the households. Respondents were asked about how much at maximum they were willing to pay for OCV for their own and their household members' protection. Results are presented as the average and median of the reported maximum WTP of the respondents with standard deviations and 95% confidence interval. Natural log-linear regression model was employed to examine the factors influencing participants' WTP for OCV.
About 99% of the respondents expressed WTP for OCV with a maximum mean and median WTP per vaccination (2 doses) of US$ 2.23 and US$ 1.92 respectively. On the household level with an average number of 4.62 members, the estimated mean WTP was US$ 10 (median: US$ 7.69) which represents the perceived demand for OCV of a household to vaccinate against cholera.
The demand of vaccination further indicates that there is a potential scope for recovering a certain portion of the expenditure of immunization program by introducing direct user fees for future cholera vaccination in Bangladesh. Findings from this study will be useful for the policy-makers to make decision on cost-recovery in future oral cholera vaccination programs in Bangladesh and in similar countries.
霍乱是一种高度传染性疾病，在孟加拉国仍然是一个严重的公共卫生负担。本研究的目的是衡量孟加拉国对口服霍乱疫苗（OCV）的私人需求，并调查这一需求的关键决定因素，反映在家庭对口服霍乱疫苗的支付意愿（WTP）上。
2015 年 12 月至 2016 年 1 月，在孟加拉国的城市环境中采用了条件价值评估方法。所有受访者（N=1051）均收到世界卫生组织（WHO）合格的 OCV，Shanchol™的描述。访谈是在家庭户主或其配偶或家庭的主要经济贡献者中进行的。受访者被问及他们最多愿意为自己和家庭成员的保护支付多少 OCV。结果以受访者报告的最大 WTP 的平均值和中位数表示，标准差和 95%置信区间。采用自然对数线性回归模型来检验影响参与者对 OCV 的 WTP 的因素。
约 99%的受访者表示愿意支付 OCV，每剂（2 剂）的最大平均和中位数 WTP 分别为 2.23 美元和 1.92 美元。在平均有 4.62 名成员的家庭层面上，估计的平均 WTP 为 10 美元（中位数：7.69 美元），这代表了家庭对 OCV 的需求，以预防霍乱。
这种疫苗接种的需求进一步表明，在孟加拉国，通过对未来的霍乱疫苗接种引入直接用户费用，有一定的范围可以收回免疫接种计划的一部分支出。本研究的结果将有助于决策者就未来在孟加拉国和类似国家的口服霍乱疫苗接种计划中的成本回收做出决策。
