Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560, Valbonne, France.
Aquat Toxicol. 2020 Jun;223:105485. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105485. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
Even though HPLC-MS is commonly used to quantify the toxin content of Ostreopsis spp. cells, there is a need to develop easy-to-use toxicological tests to set thresholds during Ostreopsis spp. blooms. The crustacean Artemia has been widely used to evaluate the presence and toxicity of chemicals and biological contaminants and we anticipated that it could also be useful to test Ostreopsis spp. toxicity. Its relevance was first assessed by investigating the variability of the toxic effects among Ostreopsis spp. strains and throughout the dinoflagellate life cycle in combination with chemical analyses of the toxinic content by UHPLC-HRMS. After testing the toxicity of fractions prepared from Ostreopsis spp. cells, the known ova- and paly-toxins were not the only toxic metabolites to Artemia franciscana, indicating that other toxic compounds synthesized by Ostreopsis spp. still remain to be identified. To extend the bioassay to in situ monitoring, the toxicity of the benthic microalgal consortium was tested during a natural bloom of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the NW Mediterranean Sea. The results highlight the accuracy and sensitivity of the ecotoxicological assay with Artemia franciscana to assess the toxicity of Ostreopsis spp. blooms.
尽管高效液相色谱-质谱法（HPLC-MS）常用于定量分析牡蛎藻细胞中的毒素含量，但仍需要开发易于使用的毒理学测试方法，以便在牡蛎藻大量繁殖期间设定阈值。甲壳类动物卤虫已被广泛用于评估化学物质和生物污染物的存在和毒性，我们预计它也可用于测试牡蛎藻的毒性。首先通过研究牡蛎藻株间毒性效应的可变性以及整个甲藻生命周期，并结合超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法（UHPLC-HRMS）对毒素含量进行化学分析，评估了卤虫的相关性。在测试了从牡蛎藻细胞中制备的馏分的毒性后，发现已知的卵囊毒素和 palytoxin 并不是对卤虫的唯一有毒代谢物，这表明牡蛎藻仍有其他有毒化合物有待鉴定。为了将生物测定扩展到原位监测，在西北地中海牡蛎藻 cf. ovata 的自然繁殖期间，测试了底栖微藻联合体的毒性。结果突出了使用卤虫评估牡蛎藻大量繁殖毒性的生态毒理学测定的准确性和敏感性。
