Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Science. 2020 Jun 12;368(6496):1239-1242. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz5845. Epub 2020 Apr 30.
Quantifying changes in Earth's ice sheets and identifying the climate drivers are central to improving sea level projections. We provide unified estimates of grounded and floating ice mass change from 2003 to 2019 using NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and ICESat-2 satellite laser altimetry. Our data reveal patterns likely linked to competing climate processes: Ice loss from coastal Greenland (increased surface melt), Antarctic ice shelves (increased ocean melting), and Greenland and Antarctic outlet glaciers (dynamic response to ocean melting) was partially compensated by mass gains over ice sheet interiors (increased snow accumulation). Losses outpaced gains, with grounded-ice loss from Greenland (200 billion tonnes per year) and Antarctica (118 billion tonnes per year) contributing 14 millimeters to sea level. Mass lost from West Antarctica's ice shelves accounted for more than 30% of that region's total.
量化地球冰盖的变化并确定气候驱动因素是提高海平面预测的关键。我们使用美国宇航局的冰、云和陆地高程卫星（ICESat）和 ICESat-2 卫星激光测高仪，提供了 2003 年至 2019 年基岩和浮冰质量变化的统一估计。我们的数据揭示了可能与竞争气候过程相关的模式：格陵兰沿海地区（地表融化增加）、南极冰架（海洋融化增加）和格陵兰和南极流出冰川（对海洋融化的动态响应）的冰损失部分被冰盖内部的质量增加所补偿（积雪增加）。损失超过了收益，格陵兰（每年 2000 亿吨）和南极洲（每年 1180 亿吨）的基岩冰损失导致海平面上升 14 毫米。南极西部冰架的质量损失占该地区总损失的 30%以上。
