Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon; Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon.
Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université des Montagnes, Cameroon.
J Infect Public Health. 2020 Oct;13(10):1469-1472. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.038. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
Malaria is the most widely spread parasitic disease in the world, especially in the tropics affecting mostly children and pregnant women. In children, mostly under-fives carry the heaviest burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical aspects, and outcome of children 3 months to 15 years old with severe malaria at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH), a referral hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon.
It was a descriptive study at the general pediatric unit of the YGOPH. We enrolled all children aged 3 months to 15 years admitted for severe malaria, with one or more signs of severity and confirmed by a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and/or thick blood smear (TBS).
Over six months, 1782 children were admitted in the unit and 466 had severe malaria giving a frequency of 26.10%. The mean age was 51±42 months, and the sex ratio was 1.2. The highest transmission rate was during the rainy season, within the months of April and May. The main symptoms on admission were prostration, fever with body temperature ≥40°C and convulsions (61.90%, 58.00%, and 30.30% respectively). RDT was positive in 98.90% of cases and TBS was positive in 60.00%. The outcome was favourable in 93.30% of the patients and 16 died giving a mortality rate of 3.80%.
Severe malaria is a public health problem affecting mostly children under five years. Proper management consists of prompt diagnosis and early appropriate treatment. Prevention is by information, education and communication on environmental cleanliness and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets.
疟疾是世界上分布最广的寄生虫病，尤其在热带地区，主要影响儿童和孕妇。在儿童中，五岁以下儿童的发病率和死亡率最高。本研究旨在确定喀麦隆雅温得妇产和儿科医院（YGOPH）重症疟疾患儿的流行病学、临床和结局，该医院是雅温得的一家转诊医院。
这是在 YGOPH 儿科普通病房进行的一项描述性研究。我们纳入了所有因重症疟疾而入院的年龄在 3 个月至 15 岁的儿童，这些儿童有一个或多个严重程度的体征，并通过快速诊断检测（RDT）和/或厚血涂片（TBS）确诊。
在六个月的时间里，该病房共收治了 1782 名患儿，其中 466 名患有重症疟疾，发病率为 26.10%。平均年龄为 51±42 个月，性别比为 1.2。发病率最高的是雨季，在 4 月和 5 月。入院时的主要症状是乏力、体温≥40°C 的发热和抽搐（分别为 61.90%、58.00%和 30.30%）。98.90%的病例 RDT 阳性，60.00%的病例 TBS 阳性。93.30%的患者预后良好，16 例死亡，死亡率为 3.80%。
重症疟疾是一个影响五岁以下儿童的公共卫生问题。适当的治疗方法是及时诊断和早期适当治疗。预防措施包括环境卫生的宣传、教育和沟通，以及使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐。
