A cutting-edge immunoinformatics approach for design of multi-epitope oral vaccine against dreadful human malaria.

Human malaria is a pathogenic disease mainly caused by , which was responsible for about 405,000 deaths globally in the year 2018. To date, several vaccine candidates have been evaluated for prevention, which failed to produce optimal output at various preclinical/clinical stages. This study is based on designing of polypeptide vaccines (PVs) against human malaria that cover almost all stages of life-cycle of and for the same 5 genome derived predicted antigenic proteins (GDPAP) have been used. For the development of a multi-immune inducer, 15 PVs were initially designed using T-cell epitope ensemble, which covered >99% human population as well as linear B-cell epitopes with or without adjuvants. The immune simulation of PVs showed higher levels of T-cell and B-cell activities compared to positive and negative vaccine controls. Furthermore, cloning of PVs and codon optimization followed by enhanced expression within host system was also explored. Although, the study has sound theoretical and findings, the evaluation seems imperative to warrant the immunogenicity and safety of PVs towards management of infection in the future.