Laboratory of Immunological Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratory of Immunological Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cell Immunol. 2020 Jul;353:104114. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104114. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a severe acute respiratory syndrome that is called COVID-19. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include diarrhea, pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Immunology is part of the process of clinical evolution, but there are some questions around immunity-based protection: (1) why some infected people have only mild symptoms of the disease or are asymptomatic; (2) why delayed and weak antibody responses are associated with severe outcomes; and (3) why positivity in molecular tests does not represent protective antibody IgG. Perhaps T cell responses may be the key to solving those questions. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells persist in peripheral blood and may be capable of providing effective information about protective immunity. The T cells studies can be helpful in elucidating the pathways for development of vaccines, therapies, and diagnostics for COVID-19 and for filling these immunology knowledge gaps.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起一种严重的急性呼吸综合征，称为 COVID-19。COVID-19 的临床症状包括腹泻、肺炎、淋巴细胞减少、耗竭的淋巴细胞和促炎细胞因子的产生。免疫学是临床演变过程的一部分，但在基于免疫的保护方面存在一些问题：（1）为什么有些感染者只有轻微的疾病症状或无症状；（2）为什么延迟和弱的抗体反应与严重后果有关；（3）为什么分子测试呈阳性并不代表保护性抗体 IgG。也许 T 细胞反应可能是解决这些问题的关键。SARS-CoV-2 特异性记忆 T 细胞在周围血液中持续存在，并且可能能够提供有关保护性免疫的有效信息。T 细胞研究有助于阐明 COVID-19 的疫苗、疗法和诊断方法的发展途径，并填补这些免疫学知识空白。
