个性在意识到与年龄相关变化中的作用。
The Role of Personality in Becoming Aware of Age-Related Changes.
作者信息
Rupprecht Fiona S, Dutt Anne J, Wahl Hans-Werner, Diehl Manfred K
机构信息
Department of Psychological Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Germany.
Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Germany.
出版信息
GeroPsych (Bern). 2019 Jun;32(2):57-67. doi: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000204. Epub 2019 May 27.
Awareness of age-related change (AARC) refers to an individual's conscious knowledge about the gains and losses resulting from growing older. Personality traits reflect dispositional patterns of behavior, perception, and evaluation and should therefore influence the experience of AARC. The 4.5-year longitudinal study examines this association between personality traits and AARC in a sample of 423 individuals aged 40 to 98 years ( = 62.9 years) using latent change analyses. After controlling for sex, health, and education, a different pattern of associations for cross-sectional vs. longitudinal relations. Cross-sectionally, neuroticism was positively related to AARC losses, whereas openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were positively related to AARC gains. Longitudinally, the impact of personality traits on change in AARC was rather limited with only higher conscientiousness acting as a predictor of decreases in AARC losses over time. Overall, the findings add to the existing literature on associations between personality traits and subjective aging. Specifically, the results indicate that personality traits are differentially related to awareness of age-related gains in comparison to awareness of age-related losses.
对年龄相关变化的认知（AARC）指的是个体对因变老而产生的得失的有意识认知。人格特质反映了行为、感知和评价的倾向性模式，因此应该会影响对AARC的体验。这项为期4.5年的纵向研究，使用潜在变化分析，在423名年龄在40至98岁（平均年龄 = 62.9岁）的个体样本中，考察了人格特质与AARC之间的这种关联。在控制了性别、健康状况和教育程度之后，横断面与纵向关系呈现出不同的关联模式。横断面来看，神经质与AARC中的损失呈正相关，而开放性、尽责性与AARC中的收获呈正相关。纵向来看，人格特质对AARC变化的影响相当有限，只有较高的尽责性可作为随着时间推移AARC损失减少的预测指标。总体而言，这些发现丰富了关于人格特质与主观衰老之间关联的现有文献。具体而言，结果表明，与对年龄相关损失的认知相比，人格特质与对年龄相关收获的认知存在差异关联。
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