Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast, Ghana.
Eye Department, Kumasi South Government Hospital , Kumasi, Ghana.
Clin Exp Optom. 2021 Jan;104(1):78-84. doi: 10.1111/cxo.13083.
Ophthalmic nutrition education programs and good dietary patterns are of considerable significance to ocular health outcomes.
The study aimed at assessing the level of ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and to compare the dietary patterns between different ophthalmic patients.
Four hundred and ninety-two adults (mean age 54.7 ± 19.4-years) receiving care at three eye-care facilities in Ghana were surveyed: 171 had senile cataract, 162 had open-angle glaucoma, and 159 had healthy eyes. A modified food frequency questionnaire was administered to elicit ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and dietary intake information of participants over the last 30-days. The results were compared between the three groups.
More than half of the participants (n = 267; 54.3 per cent) had received some form of education on food sources that are good for the eyes and vision, with healthy participants accounting for 50.6 per cent of this proportion. Television (55.1 per cent; 147/267), radio (49.1 per cent; 131/267) and the eye doctor (34.1 per cent; 91/267) were the most frequent sources of ophthalmic nutritional knowledge. Overall, less than one-quarter of the participants (n = 108; 22.2 per cent) were able to correctly identify one food source for at least four out of seven selected ophthalmic nutrients. Vitamin C was the most frequently consumed ophthalmic nutrient, whereas lycopene was the least taken across all groups. The average ophthalmic nutrients intake score for those with healthy eyes (59.16 [53.39-64.93]) was significantly greater than for both glaucoma patients (37.73 [32.01-43.44]) and cataract patients (34.81 [29.24-40.37]).
In addition to poor ophthalmic nutrition awareness and knowledge, both cataract and glaucoma patients, compared to those with healthy eyes, consumed a lesser amount of nutrients considered vital for eye health and vision. Ophthalmic nutrition education is needed to improve eye-health outcomes.
眼科营养教育计划和良好的饮食模式对眼部健康结果具有重要意义。
本研究旨在评估眼科营养知识水平，并比较不同眼科患者的饮食模式。
在加纳的三家眼科保健机构共调查了 492 名成年人（平均年龄 54.7±19.4 岁）：171 名患有老年性白内障，162 名患有开角型青光眼，159 名患有健康眼睛。通过改良食物频率问卷收集参与者在过去 30 天内的眼科营养知识和饮食摄入信息。并对三组进行比较。
超过一半的参与者（n=267；54.3%）接受过某种形式的关于对眼睛和视力有益的食物来源的教育，其中健康参与者占这一比例的 50.6%。电视（55.1%；147/267）、广播（49.1%；131/267）和眼科医生（34.1%；91/267）是眼科营养知识的最常见来源。总的来说，不到四分之一的参与者（n=108；22.2%）能够正确识别至少七种选择的眼科营养素中的四种食物来源。维生素 C 是最常摄入的眼科营养素，而番茄红素是所有组中摄入最少的。健康眼组的平均眼科营养素摄入量评分为 59.16（53.39-64.93），明显高于青光眼患者（37.73（32.01-43.44））和白内障患者（34.81（29.24-40.37））。
除了眼科营养意识和知识较差外，与健康眼组相比，白内障和青光眼患者摄入的对眼睛健康和视力至关重要的营养素较少。需要进行眼科营养教育以改善眼部健康结果。
