Zimmer Meghan C, Rubio Veronica, Kintziger Kristina W, Barroso Cristina
Department of Public Health, 4285The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Department of Nutrition, 4285The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2020 Sep;34(7):791-795. doi: 10.1177/0890117120920849. Epub 2020 May 4.
To examine racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake of women in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Cross-sectional study.
Data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Women 19 to 50 years of age living in WIC-participating households.
Nutrient/food group intake from one 24-hour dietary recall.
Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity and nutrient/food group intake.
Compared to non-Hispanic white women, Hispanic women had lower dietary energy density (1.7 ± 0.1 vs 2.2 ± 0.1 kcal/g, < .001), and better nutrient intake, including more folate (429 ± 20 vs 364 ± 29 µg, = .024), fiber (20.1 ± 0.9 vs 13.6 ± 0.9 g, ≤ .001), and potassium (2575 ± 78 vs 2251 ± 66 mg, = .012). This may be related to greater consumption of total vegetables (1.67 ± 0.16 vs 1.17 ± 0.17 cup equivalents [c-eq], = .029), including more red and orange vegetables (0.64 ± 0.11 vs 0.32 vs 0.09 c-eq, = .013) and more legumes (0.17 ± 0.04 vs 0.07 ± 0.02 c-eq, = .006). Both Hispanic and non-Hispanic black women consumed more sodium (Hispanic: = .015; non-Hispanic black: = .008), but less added sugars (Hispanic: ≤ .001; non-Hispanic black: = .015), than non-Hispanic white women.
These findings highlight differences in dietary intake by race/ethnicity and can inform nutrition messages of WIC nutrition educators and dietitians.
研究妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）中女性饮食摄入量的种族/族裔差异。
横断面研究。
来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查的数据。
居住在参与WIC计划家庭中的19至50岁女性。
通过一次24小时饮食回忆记录营养素/食物组摄入量。
采用多变量线性回归评估种族/族裔与营养素/食物组摄入量之间的关系。
与非西班牙裔白人女性相比，西班牙裔女性的饮食能量密度较低（1.7±0.1 vs 2.2±0.1千卡/克，P<.001），营养素摄入量更好，包括更多的叶酸（429±20 vs 364±29微克，P=.024）、纤维（20.1±0.9 vs 13.6±0.9克，P≤.001）和钾（2575±78 vs 2251±66毫克，P=.012）。这可能与蔬菜总摄入量更高有关（1.67±0.16 vs 1.17±0.17杯当量[c-eq]，P=.029），包括更多的红色和橙色蔬菜（0.64±0.11 vs 0.32 vs 0.09 c-eq，P=.013）和更多的豆类（0.17±0.04 vs 0.07±0.02 c-eq，P=.006）。西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人女性的钠摄入量均高于非西班牙裔白人女性（西班牙裔：P=.015；非西班牙裔黑人：P=.008），但添加糖摄入量低于非西班牙裔白人女性（西班牙裔：P≤.001；非西班牙裔黑人：P=.015）。
这些发现突出了不同种族/族裔在饮食摄入量上的差异，并可为WIC营养教育工作者和营养师的营养宣传提供参考。
