J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020 Dec;120(12):2032-2038.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.07.027.
Food group and nutrient priorities for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Food Package IV for children aged 2 to 4 years were described in the 2017 review of the WIC Food Package. Research has evaluated priority nutrient intake, but priority food group intake remains unknown.
To compare mean intake of priority food groups/subgroups of WIC children to WIC-eligible nonparticipants and higher income children. Further, we hoped to assess differences in percent contribution of food subgroups to total food group intake by WIC participation status and income.
Cross-sectional study conducted using data from the 2011-14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: One thousand forty-seven children aged 2 to 4 years.
Mean intake reported in cup equivalents and ounce equivalents. We also looked at mean percent that food subgroups contributed to total intake within a food group. Analyses were performed for high and low priority food groups/subgroups: high = seafood, total vegetables, dark green vegetables, red/orange vegetables, whole grains, and nuts/seeds/soy; low = total starchy vegetables, other vegetables, legumes computed as vegetables, total dairy, and total protein foods.
Multivariable linear regression analysis was used evaluate the relationship between income/WIC participation and mean intake/percent food subgroups contributed to total food group intake.
Among low-income WIC-eligible children, participation in WIC was associated with greater mean intake of red/orange vegetables (0.18 ± 0.03 vs 0.01 ± 0.06 c equivalents; P < 0.05) and legumes (0.07 ± 0.01 vs 0.01 ± 0.02 c equivalents; P < 0.01). No differences in mean intake were observed between WIC children and higher income children. Grain intake of WIC children was composed of a higher percentage of whole grains (19.1% ± 1.6% vs 13.2% ± 1.5%; P < 0.01) compared with higher income children. The percent vegetable subgroups contributed to total vegetable intake varied by income; no differences were observed for dairy or protein subgroups.
Among low-income children, participation in WIC was associated with greater intake of certain vegetables. Participation in WIC may also help close the diet quality gap between low-income and higher income children for priority foods targeted by the WIC food package. Future research should explore socioeconomic disparities in intake of nutrient-poor foods.
2017 年对特殊补充营养计划妇女、婴儿和儿童（WIC）食品包进行了审查，描述了 2 至 4 岁儿童的 WIC 食品包第四版的食物组和营养素优先事项。已经评估了优先营养素的摄入量，但优先食物组的摄入量仍不清楚。
将 WIC 儿童的优先食物组/亚组的平均摄入量与 WIC 合格的非参与者和高收入儿童进行比较。此外，我们希望评估 WIC 参与状况和收入对食物亚组对食物组总摄入量的贡献百分比的差异。
使用 2011-14 年全国健康和营养检查调查的数据进行的横断面研究。
参与者/设置：1047 名 2 至 4 岁儿童。
以杯当量和盎司当量报告的平均摄入量。我们还观察了食物亚组在食物组总摄入量中所占的平均百分比。对高优先级和低优先级食物组/亚组进行了分析：高优先级=海鲜、全蔬菜、深绿色蔬菜、红色/橙色蔬菜、全谷物和坚果/种子/大豆；低优先级=全淀粉蔬菜、其他蔬菜、豆类计算为蔬菜、全乳制品和全蛋白质食物。
多变量线性回归分析用于评估收入/WIC 参与度与平均摄入量/食物亚组对食物组总摄入量的贡献百分比之间的关系。
在低收入的 WIC 合格儿童中，参加 WIC 与红色/橙色蔬菜的平均摄入量增加有关（0.18 ± 0.03 与 0.01 ± 0.06 c 当量；P < 0.05）和豆类（0.07 ± 0.01 与 0.01 ± 0.02 c 当量；P < 0.01）。WIC 儿童与高收入儿童的平均摄入量无差异。WIC 儿童的谷物摄入量中全谷物的比例更高（19.1% ± 1.6%与 13.2% ± 1.5%；P < 0.01）与高收入儿童相比。蔬菜亚组对总蔬菜摄入量的贡献百分比因收入而异；乳制品或蛋白质亚组无差异。
在低收入儿童中，参加 WIC 与某些蔬菜的摄入量增加有关。参加 WIC 还可能有助于缩小低收入和高收入儿童对 WIC 食品包针对的优先食品的饮食质量差距。未来的研究应探讨营养差的食物摄入方面的社会经济差异。
