United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020 Jul;18(7):365-378. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0354-7. Epub 2020 May 4.
Filoviruses such as Ebola virus continue to pose a substantial health risk to humans. Advances in the sequencing and functional characterization of both pathogen and host genomes have provided a wealth of knowledge to clinicians, epidemiologists and public health responders during outbreaks of high-consequence viral disease. Here, we describe how genomics has been historically used to investigate Ebola virus disease outbreaks and how new technologies allow for rapid, large-scale data generation at the point of care. We highlight how genomics extends beyond consensus-level sequencing of the virus to include intra-host viral transcriptomics and the characterization of host responses in acute and persistently infected patients. Similar genomics techniques can also be applied to the characterization of non-human primate animal models and to known natural reservoirs of filoviruses, and metagenomic sequencing can be the key to the discovery of novel filoviruses. Finally, we outline the importance of reverse genetics systems that can swiftly characterize filoviruses as soon as their genome sequences are available.
丝状病毒（如埃博拉病毒）继续对人类健康构成重大威胁。在高后果病毒性疾病爆发期间，病原体和宿主基因组的测序和功能特征的进展为临床医生、流行病学家和公共卫生应对人员提供了丰富的知识。在这里，我们描述了基因组学如何在历史上被用于调查埃博拉病毒病的爆发，以及新技术如何允许在护理点快速生成大规模数据。我们强调了基因组学如何超越病毒的共识测序，包括病毒的宿主转录组学和急性和持续感染患者的宿主反应特征。类似的基因组学技术也可以应用于非人类灵长类动物模型和已知丝状病毒自然宿主的特征描述，宏基因组测序可能是发现新型丝状病毒的关键。最后，我们概述了反向遗传学系统的重要性，只要获得其基因组序列，该系统就可以迅速对丝状病毒进行特征描述。
