Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
Nutrients. 2020 May 2;12(5):1299. doi: 10.3390/nu12051299.
Lipid metabolism is an important and complex biochemical process involved in the storage of energy and maintenance of normal biological functions. Leucine, a branched amino acid, has anti-obesity effects on glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Leucine also modulates mitochondrial dysfunction, representing a new strategy to target aging, neurodegenerative disease, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although various studies have been carried out, much uncertainty still exists and further studies are required to fully elucidate the relationship between leucine and lipid metabolism. This review offers an up-to-date report on leucine, as key roles in both lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in vivo and in vitro by acceleration of fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, activation of the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1)-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) pathway, synthesis, and/or secretion of adipokines and stability of the gut microbiota.
脂质代谢是一个重要且复杂的生化过程，涉及能量储存和维持正常的生物功能。亮氨酸是一种支链氨基酸，对葡萄糖耐量、脂质代谢和胰岛素敏感性具有抗肥胖作用。亮氨酸还调节线粒体功能障碍，为靶向衰老、神经退行性疾病、肥胖、糖尿病和心血管疾病提供了一种新策略。尽管已经进行了各种研究，但仍存在许多不确定性，需要进一步研究才能充分阐明亮氨酸与脂质代谢之间的关系。本综述提供了亮氨酸的最新报告，亮氨酸通过加速脂肪酸氧化、脂肪分解、激活腺苷酸 5'-单磷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）-沉默信息调节因子 1（SIRT1）-过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 共激活因子 1α（PGC-1α）途径、合成和/或分泌脂肪因子以及稳定肠道微生物群，在体内和体外的脂质代谢和能量平衡中发挥关键作用。
