Department of Psychology, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2021 Jun;124(3):1220-1236. doi: 10.1177/0033294120921358. Epub 2020 May 5.
Schadenfreude (pleasure about another's misfortune) was studied using written scenarios that were manipulated to include elements that elicited disliking of the target, envy of the target, and/or deservingness of the misfortune. This was the first time all the three predictors were included in a single study, allowing for a test of their possible interactive effects. Study 1 created a large pool of scenarios based on a pilot study and had participants rate them regarding how much disliking, deservingness, or envy was felt. The eight scenarios that were most effective in eliciting the various combinations of predictors were then used in Study 2 to test for schadenfreude reactions. Results revealed strong main effects for disliking and deservingness. Interactions showed that disliking attenuated the effect of deservingness, especially for female participants. Finally, further evidence was found that malicious but not benign envy predicted schadenfreude.
幸灾乐祸（他人不幸时的愉悦感）是通过书面情景来研究的，这些情景被操纵以包含引起对目标的反感、对目标的嫉妒和/或不幸的应得感的元素。这是第一次将所有三个预测因素包含在一项单一的研究中，从而可以检验它们可能的交互作用。研究 1 根据一项试点研究创建了一个大型情景库，并让参与者根据他们感受到的反感、应得感或嫉妒感对这些情景进行评分。然后，在研究 2 中使用最能引发各种预测因素组合的八个情景来测试幸灾乐祸的反应。结果显示，反感和应得感都有很强的主要影响。交互作用表明，反感减弱了应得感的影响，特别是对女性参与者而言。最后，还发现恶意的而非良性的嫉妒预测了幸灾乐祸。
