National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jul 1;212:108028. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108028. Epub 2020 Apr 25.
The most commonly used illicit substance worldwide is cannabis. To date, no national level study of cannabis-related death has been undertaken in Australia. The current study aimed to investigate the rates, characteristics and manner of cannabis-related deaths recorded in Australia (2000-2018).
A retrospective case review of medicolegal files was undertaken through the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) (1/07/2000-31/12/2018).
A total of 559 cases were identified, with a mean age of 35.8 years, 81.2% were male. The crude mortality rate per 100,000 people ranged between 0.10 (CI = 0.06-0.15) and 0.23 (CI = 0.17-0.30). The manner of deaths were: accidental injury (29.9%), suicide (25.0%), polysubstance toxicity (17.0%), natural disease (16.1 %), natural disease and drug effect/toxicity (7.9%), assault (3.0%) and unascertained (1.1%). No deaths were solely due to cannabis toxicity. Men were over-represented in this group and were three times as likely to die of accidental injury than women who died from cannabis-related deaths. Motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of accidental injury. Cardiovascular (14.3%) and respiratory conditions (9.7%) were the most common disease types recorded in cause of death. The median Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol blood concentration was 0.008 mg/L (range 0.0005-19.00 mg/L). Other drugs were cited in the cause of death alongside cannabis (81.4%), the most common being alcohol (47.2%).
Low all-cause crude mortality rates remained relatively stable over the study period. No deaths were due to direct cannabis toxicity, but death due to accidental injury was prominent.
全球范围内最常使用的非法物质是大麻。迄今为止，澳大利亚尚未进行过全国范围内的与大麻相关死亡研究。本研究旨在调查澳大利亚（2000-2018 年）记录的与大麻相关死亡的发生率、特征和方式。
通过国家法医信息系统（NCIS）（2000 年 7 月 1 日至 2018 年 12 月 31 日）对法医记录进行回顾性病例审查。
共确定了 559 例病例，平均年龄为 35.8 岁，81.2%为男性。每 100,000 人中有 0.10（CI=0.06-0.15）至 0.23（CI=0.17-0.30）的粗死亡率。死亡方式为：意外伤害（29.9%）、自杀（25.0%）、多种物质毒性（17.0%）、自然疾病（16.1%）、自然疾病和药物效应/毒性（7.9%）、袭击（3.0%）和未确定（1.1%）。没有因大麻毒性而导致的死亡。男性在该组中占比过高，死于意外伤害的可能性是死于与大麻相关死亡的女性的三倍。机动车事故是意外伤害的主要原因。心血管疾病（14.3%）和呼吸系统疾病（9.7%）是记录的死亡原因中最常见的疾病类型。血液中 Δ-9-四氢大麻酚的中位数浓度为 0.008mg/L（范围 0.0005-19.00mg/L）。除大麻外，还有其他药物被列为死亡原因（81.4%），最常见的是酒精（47.2%）。
在研究期间，全因粗死亡率保持相对稳定。没有直接因大麻毒性而导致的死亡，但意外伤害导致的死亡较为突出。
