Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 Jul;154:33-47. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.027. Epub 2020 May 3.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function when produced in physiological ranges. Important sources of cellular ROS include NADPH oxidases (Nox), which are evolutionary conserved multi-subunit transmembrane proteins. Nox-mediated ROS regulate variety of biological processes including hormone synthesis, calcium signaling, cell migration, and immunity. ROS participate in intracellular signaling by introducing post-translational modifications to proteins and thereby altering their functions. The central nervous system (CNS) expresses different Nox isoforms during both development and adulthood. Here, we review the role of Nox-mediated ROS during CNS development. Specifically, we focus on how individual Nox isoforms contribute to signaling in neural stem cell maintenance and neuronal differentiation, as well as neurite outgrowth and guidance. We also discuss how ROS regulates the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in the neuronal growth cone. Finally, we review recent evidence that Nox-derived ROS modulate axonal regeneration upon nervous system injury.
活性氧（ROS）在生理范围内产生时对于维持细胞内稳态和功能至关重要。细胞 ROS 的重要来源包括 NADPH 氧化酶（Nox），它是进化上保守的多亚基跨膜蛋白。Nox 介导的 ROS 调节多种生物过程，包括激素合成、钙信号、细胞迁移和免疫。ROS 通过对蛋白质进行翻译后修饰来参与细胞内信号转导，从而改变其功能。中枢神经系统（CNS）在发育和成年期表达不同的 Nox 同工型。在这里，我们回顾了 Nox 介导的 ROS 在 CNS 发育中的作用。具体来说，我们重点介绍了各个 Nox 同工型如何促进神经干细胞维持和神经元分化、以及轴突生长和导向中的信号转导。我们还讨论了 ROS 如何调节神经元生长锥中肌动蛋白细胞骨架的组织和动态。最后，我们回顾了最近的证据，表明 Nox 衍生的 ROS 在神经系统损伤后调节轴突再生。
