Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Jul;102:316-325. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.059. Epub 2020 May 1.
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the predominant water pollutants associated with inflammation and immunodepression in aquatic animals. In this study, menthol oil (MNT) impacted the immunity, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory responses against CPF toxicity in Nile tilapia. Fish fed two diets with or without MNT and placed in four groups (control, CPF, MNT, and CPF/MNT). After 30 days, fish fed MNT displayed higher growth performance and lower FCR than CPF-intoxicated fish without feeding MNT (P < 0.05). The survival rate of fish was reduced in the CPF group without MNT feeding (P < 0.05). Blood Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs were decreased in fish by CPF toxicity, while the highest Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs were observed in fish fed MNT followed by those fed the control without CPF toxicity (P < 0.05). Fish fed MNT had the highest total protein, albumin, and globulin, as well as the lowest urea, bilirubin, and creatinine after 15 and 30 days. However, fish under CPF toxicity had the most inferior total protein, albumin, and globulin, as well as the highest urea, bilirubin, and creatinine among the groups (P < 0.05). The enzyme activities of ALP and ALT displayed low levels by MNT with or without CPF exposure than fish fed without MNT with or without CPF exposure after 15 and 30 days (P < 0.05). The lysozyme and phagocytic activities displayed reduced levels by CPF without MNT feeding after 15 and 30 days, while increased activities were noticed by MNT feeding without CPF toxicity followed by fish fed MNT with CPF toxicity (P < 0.05). The transcription of CAT and GPX genes displayed upregulated levels in tilapia fed MNT and exposed to CPF (P < 0.05). Also, CPF toxicity increased the transcription of the IFN-γ gene but decreased the IL-8 and IL-1β genes. The transcription of HSP70 displayed lower levels (P < 0.05) by CPF without supplementing MNT than fish fed MNT and exposed to CPF. Histopathological analysis revealed that inflammation existed in the liver, gills, and intestine of tilapia due to CPF toxicity while MNT protected tissues from inflammation. To conclude, MNT activated the immunity, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory responses of Nile tilapia under CPF toxicity.
毒死蜱（CPF）是与水生动物炎症和免疫抑制有关的主要水污染物之一。在这项研究中，薄荷油（MNT）影响了尼罗罗非鱼对 CPF 毒性的免疫、抗氧化和抗炎反应。投喂两种含有或不含有 MNT 的饲料的鱼被分成四组（对照组、CPF 组、MNT 组和 CPF/MNT 组）。30 天后，投喂 MNT 的鱼的生长性能高于未投喂 MNT 的 CPF 中毒鱼（P<0.05），且前者的饲料转化率也较低。未投喂 MNT 的 CPF 组鱼的存活率降低（P<0.05）。CPF 毒性导致鱼的血液 Hb、PCV、RBC 和 WBC 降低，而投喂 MNT 的鱼的 Hb、PCV、RBC 和 WBC 最高，其次是未暴露于 CPF 毒性的对照组鱼（P<0.05）。投喂 MNT 的鱼在第 15 和 30 天的总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白最高，而尿素、胆红素和肌酐最低。然而，CPF 毒性组的总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白最低，尿素、胆红素和肌酐最高（P<0.05）。第 15 和 30 天，暴露于 CPF 或不暴露于 CPF 时，MNT 处理或不处理的鱼的 ALP 和 ALT 酶活性均低于不投喂 MNT 的鱼（P<0.05）。15 和 30 天后，未投喂 MNT 的 CPF 组鱼的溶菌酶和吞噬活性降低，而未暴露于 CPF 的 MNT 组鱼的活性升高，随后是暴露于 CPF 的 MNT 组鱼（P<0.05）。CAT 和 GPX 基因的转录在投喂 MNT 并暴露于 CPF 的罗非鱼中上调（P<0.05）。此外，CPF 毒性增加了 IFN-γ 基因的转录，但降低了 IL-8 和 IL-1β 基因的转录。未补充 MNT 的 CPF 组鱼的 HSP70 转录水平较低（P<0.05），而投喂 MNT 并暴露于 CPF 的鱼的 HSP70 转录水平较高。组织病理学分析表明，由于 CPF 毒性，罗非鱼的肝脏、鳃和肠道存在炎症，而 MNT 则保护组织免受炎症影响。综上所述，MNT 激活了 CPF 毒性下尼罗罗非鱼的免疫、抗氧化和抗炎反应。
