Agyemang Akosua F, Tei-Muno Agnes Naki, Dzomeku Veronica Millicent, Nakua Emmanuel Kweku, Duodu Precious Adade, Duah Henry Ofori, Bentil Anna Boakyewaa, Agbadi Pascal
Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 419, Ghana.
Methodist University College Ghana, Department of Social Sciences, Social Work Unit, P.O. Box DC 940, Dansoman Accra, Ghana.
Heliyon. 2020 Apr 27;6(4):e03838. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03838. eCollection 2020 Apr.
Breast cancer cases are on the rise in Ghana, with older adult women being more at risk of the disease. However, there is a paucity of current studies on factors that predict breast cancer screening among older adult women using nationally representative data. The present study, therefore, addressed this gap by estimating the prevalence of and identifying the factors that predict breast cancer screening among older adult women in Ghana.
We used the cross-sectional survey dataset of the 2014/2015 (wave II) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). A complex survey design methodology was employed to estimate the prevalence of breast cancer screening and the descriptive statistics of the demographic characteristics of the respondents. We used the firth logistic regression for the bivariate and multivariate analysis.
The estimated breast cancer prevalence among older Ghanaian adult women was 4.5%. Older Ghanaian adult women who have screened for cervical cancer [AOR: 13.29; CI: 6.12, 28.84], had attained some primary education [AOR: 3.70; CI: 1.94, 7.07], junior secondary [AOR: 4.02; CI: 1.75, 9.21], senior secondary and higher [AOR: 4.57; CI: 2.15, 9.71], and have ever participated in a club meeting [AOR: 1.85; CI: 1.05, 3.24] were more likely to screen for breast cancer.
The significant predictors of breast cancer screening were cervical cancer screening status, formal education, and participation in club meetings. Given that the prevalence of breast cancer screening among the older adult women in Ghana is low, we recommend that policies and programs dedicated to encouraging women to screen for breast cancer should aim at giving women the opportunity to obtain higher formal education, encouraging women to be actively involved in club meetings and to intensify efforts to encourage women to screen for breast cancer.
加纳的乳腺癌病例呈上升趋势，老年成年女性患该疾病的风险更高。然而，目前缺乏使用全国代表性数据对预测老年成年女性乳腺癌筛查因素的研究。因此，本研究通过估计加纳老年成年女性乳腺癌筛查的患病率并确定预测因素，填补了这一空白。
我们使用了2014/2015年（第二轮）全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE）的横断面调查数据集。采用复杂的调查设计方法来估计乳腺癌筛查的患病率以及受访者人口特征的描述性统计数据。我们使用费舍尔逻辑回归进行双变量和多变量分析。
加纳老年成年女性的乳腺癌估计患病率为4.5%。接受过宫颈癌筛查的加纳老年成年女性[调整后比值比（AOR）：13.29；置信区间（CI）：6.12，28.84]、接受过小学教育的[调整后比值比：3.70；置信区间：1.94，7.07]、初中教育的[调整后比值比：4.02；置信区间：1.75，9.21]、高中及以上教育的[调整后比值比：4.57；置信区间：2.15，9.71]以及曾参加过俱乐部会议的[调整后比值比：1.85；置信区间：1.05，3.24]更有可能进行乳腺癌筛查。
乳腺癌筛查的重要预测因素是宫颈癌筛查状况、正规教育程度和参加俱乐部会议。鉴于加纳老年成年女性乳腺癌筛查的患病率较低，我们建议致力于鼓励女性进行乳腺癌筛查的政策和项目应旨在让女性有机会接受更高的正规教育，鼓励女性积极参与俱乐部会议，并加大力度鼓励女性进行乳腺癌筛查。
